Tok Comment on History free essay sample

The only thing we learn from history is that we learn nothing from history G. W. F. Hegel, 1770-1831. History of the world Is the memory of the past experiences that certain people have had. These experiences have been preserved so that people In the future could study and read about them and what they had done. Historians recover the knowledge of the events that happened in the past. In these places writing was not existent and also drawings. Such history could have been produced in many ways. This quotes by G. W. F. Hegel The only thing we learn from history is that we learn nothing from history. The reason for this quote is that us as human if we do not know what has happened in the past how would we know how to continue it. For example, the American Revolution. The British considered the Thirteenth Colonies nothing more than another territory of theirs but this territory was already covered by America. We will write a custom essay sample on Tok Comment on History or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page King George of Britain wanted the bigger half of the countries wealth. The American people had had enough and when 8 of their volunteers who were eddy to go to war If a soldier had been killed were killed, so America declared war.One year later, at a congress signing Benjamin Franklin said that now, gentlemen, if we dont hang together, well hang separately. With the aid of George Washington they won the war. If the American Revolution never happened then there would be no America which in turn would mean that the whole entire world would have suffered in politics, economics and also social speaking. The taxes that were in America at the time, brought a great sensation of unkindness to the British. If the evolution had not happened then the American people would have more conflict between them and Britain.The main reason/ significance for this American Revolution Is that It led to other revolutions such as the Haitian Revolution and also the French Revolution. In conclusion, this quote by a great man is reliable because as the American Revolution happened it brought no new perspective to how we should live our lives. This truly means that we have learned nothing history. There might be some people in the world who have learned not to do the bad things that happened but certain people Just continue it. Like the First World War, it was a bad thing as it also led too Second World War. The American Revolution might have been a good thing in some sense because the people fought for their freedom but in the other sense they also dead for it which is bad. I my personal opinion, I think that the American Revolution was both good and bad; good because they fought for their freedom but bad because people had to die for it and this gave Inspiration to other nations to start a revolution. Thus we have learned nothing from history.Took Comment on History By Ship-owners 1 History of the world is the memory of the past experiences that certain people have had. These experiences have been preserved so that people in the future could study ready to go to war if a soldier had been killed were killed, so America declared war. We dont hang together, well hang separately.

The Best Sources for ACT English Practice

The Best Sources for ACT English Practice SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips You’re studying ACT English and learning all about important topics like verbs, pronouns, and transitions. Now you just need some practicetests to implementyour new skills on! But before you rush out to take the nearest practice test, make sure it's the right one. Many students use sub-parpractice materials- tests that are formatted strangely or full of the wrong types of questions or even just too hard- and it really hurts their progress. In this post, I'm going to go over everything you need to know about picking out effective practice material and listthe very best sources for practice tests. FeatureImage: Alberto G./Flickr 4 Reasons You ShouldOnly Use AccuratePractice Tests Generally speaking, the best materials to practice with areofficial ACT tests. The ACT English has its own rhythms and quirks, and you'll only learn them by studying the actual test. Ideally, you'd be able to supplement the official tests with extrapractice materials designed to help you study specific concepts. Unfortunately, most unofficial ACT practice tests and questions, including those from big companies like Princeton Review and Kaplan, don'treflect what's actually on the test. (Here at Prepscholar, we believe our program is an exception- but don't take my word for it. Read the rest of this guide and then give it a try- for free!- yourself.) Using inaccurate practice materials not only wastes your time but can alsohurt your progress. I've expanded on some of the most important reasons you shouldn't use bad practice materials below. #1: They Won't Test You on the Concepts You Really Need to Know The ACT English covers a pretty limited set of concepts, and most non-official practice tests will include questionsabout other topics. Even when they do focus on the same concepts as the real ACT, unofficial tests often don't do soin the same ways. For example, a bad testmight ask you whether a period or asemicolon is better between two independent clauses- the ACT does test punctuation, but periods and semicolons are similar enough that it would never ask you to choose between them. If you're using these kinds of materials, you're learning to take the test the wrong way- to look for errors you won't see on the real thing- instead of getting comfortable with the kinds of questions the ACT English section actually includes. #2: They Won't AllowYou to Practice Big Picture Strategies A lot of the worstpractice materials don't use the standard ACT English passage format at all, instead breaking questions up intosingle sentences or even forgoing multiple choice. This change may not seem important, since these types of questions still help you learn the grammar concepts the ACT covers. But ACT English isn't a regular grammar test, and succeeding on it is just as much about understanding how to attack the test as it is about knowing the rules. Make sure to use differently formatted questions sparingly, if at all. #3: They Won’t Help You Understand the Unique Logic of ACT Questions I briefly mentioned this idea above, but it is really, reallyimportant: ACT English tests concepts in it's own specialway. If you spendenough time analyzing official tests, you'll start to spot patterns that can help you answer similar questions in the future. Even the best unofficial tests aren't substitutes for real ACTs. #4: TheyCan Give You a False Sense of Confidence (or Failure) A lot of unofficial tests are either much easier or much harder than the actual ACT. Working with easier tests, you're likelyto end up thinking that you're extremely prepared and then panicking when you take the real thing. With harder ones, it's easy to become discouraged because the tests feel impossible (sometimes they are!). In neither case do you get a good sense of what the material on the official ACT is like, which is a majoraspect of studying for the ACT. 3 Key Qualities to Look for in Practice Material Now thatwe've established some of the issues that come up with weaker materials, let's discuss what you should look for in good practice materials. The best place to start is with real ACTs.ACT, Inc. has released a total of 12 official tests that you can use, which will hopefullybe plenty to carry you through all of your studying. (I'll go over where to find these materials below.) If you do find yourself in need of further study material, however, there arethree questionsyou need to ask yourself as you evaluatepotential practice materials. #1: Doesthe Test Usethe SameFormat as the ACT? The first step to evaluating practice materials isglancingover them and making sure they look the same as a real ACT. Are there fifteen questions per passage? Are the passages roughly 300-350 words long? Are the rhetorical questions worded similarly to those on areal ACT? You'll likely be amazed by how many practice tests don't fulfill these criteria. Make sure not to use materials that don't even look right, because they'll probablybe off in other ways as well. #2: Do the Materials Test the Same Concepts as Real ACT English Sections? This question can be very difficult to answer, since it requires you to have a deep understanding of what's actually on the ACT. As such, you should only turn to unofficial tests if you've used most of the official ACTs available. I recommend working throughone or twoof the unofficial passages to test them: see if anything jumps out at you as obviously unlike areal ACT English section. Are there questions on topics you've never seen on the official tests? Or are there topics clearly missing? #3: Are the Questions of Roughly the Same Difficulty as Those on the ACT? Again, it can be tricky to determine the answer to this question without investing a lot of time into materials that may or may not be helpful. After completing a few of the passages (as I suggested above),compare how many you missed on the unofficial passages with your per passage average from an official test. Is the numbermuch higher? Much lower? If so, think about why- if you suspect the unofficial practice materials differ significantly from official ones, don't usethem. How to Use ACT English Practice Tests in Your Prep Exactly how you use practice tests in your ACT English prep will vary depending on how you're studying for the test (independently, with a tutor, with an online program), but there are three main types ofACT English practice: taking full tests, analyzing questions, and practicing with passages. I've outlined some general advice on how to get the most out of your ACT English practice below. Take at Least 3 Full Practice Tests Part of studying for the ACT is building up the endurance to sit through a three-hour test (even longer if you include the optional writing section)- the only way to do so is with practice. No matter what your study program looks like, it's vital that you take at least three full practice tests and simulate testing conditions as closely as possible. That means timing yourself, sitting at a desk in a quiet room, staying off your phone, and taking only the one ACT-allowed break. Make sure to use official ACT tests for this form of practice, since the whole point is to mimic the experience of test day as closely as possible. Carefully Examine the Questions One of the main reasons to focus on using official ACTs is that ACT English questions follow specific patterns that are uniqueto the test. As such, it can be exceptionally helpful to spend some time picking apart real ACT English questions and analyzing how they work. What concept is the question testing? What kinds of different answer choices are you given? Are there traps meant to trick you into picking the wrong answer? If so, how can you avoid them in the future? The better you understand how ACT questions are constructed, the easier it will be for you to answer them. For some more tips on analyzing questions, take a look at our post on reviewing your mistakes. Do Both Timed and Untimed Practice Many students believe that the key to success on the ACT is answering every single question, so they focus on timed drills in an effort to increase their speed on the test. However, this strategy is a mistake, especially on the English section. Once you’ve set a baseline with a full practice test, it’s better to start with untimed practice and focus on getting a sense for the structure and style of the ACT English section. Then work up to doing timed passages. Practicing for the ACT is just as important as practicing for a big game. The Best ACT English Practice Tests As I mentioned (multipletimes) above, you shoulduse official ACT English tests for your prep whenever possible. I've collected all the sources forofficial ACT English practice materials- both free and for sale- and outlined the best ways to use them. Free ACT English Practice Let's start with some of the free ACT English prep materials online. Official ACT Website The ACT website has free ACT English practicethat anyone can use. Because of the passages' online format, they aren't ideal for taking as a full test or doing timed practice, but they're great for getting a sense of the test's format and the general styleof the questions. There are also helpful explanations for the answers, which you should be sure to read. Current Official ACT Practice Test Every two years, ACT, Inc. releases a real ACT that students can use for practice. The most recent one can be found here and reflects the recent tweaks to the ACT format. Unless you're focused only on ACT English, I recommend taking this test in one timed sitting and doing your best to simulate test day conditions. As the most up-to-date practice ACT available, this test will give you the best sense of what your test day will be like. Other Free Official Tests SinceACT, Inc. has been releasing tests online for a decade, there are four more free ACT practice test PDFs you can use to study. I've included links below. ACT Practice Test 2014-15 (Form 67C) ACT Practice Test 2011-12 (Form 64E) ACT Practice Test 2008-09 (Form 61C) ACT Practice Test 2005-06 (Form 59F) ACT English Practice Tests for Sale In addition to the 6 free tests online, there are some official ACTsyou can purchase. The Real ACT Prep Guide ACT, Inc. puts out a study guide for the test that includes real ACTs, as well as basic information about the test. The major benefit of this book is that has detailed explanations of all the test questions. ACT, Inc. recently released a new edition of this book, but I recommend gettingthe previous version (the 3rd edition), if you can find it, as it has five practice tests instead of three. You can buy the 3rd edition ofThe Real ACT Prep Guideused from Amazon or get the 4th edition new for around25 dollars. You can also likely find the booksat your local library. However, if you do buy or borrow a used book, make sure it hasn't been written in- having another student's notes will just confuse you. Official Online ACT Program You can also purchase an online ACT prep program from the ACT website. It costs 40dollars and includes onefull-length practice test, as well as a collection of practice questions. The high price makesit a considerably worse investment than the book, especially since the tests are designed to be taken online, makingit impossible to properly simulate testing conditions. Nonetheless, if you need the extra practice material and feel comfortable spending the money, this program is a good back up option. What's Next? Now that you know where to find the best ACT English practice, make sure you can make the most of it with these helpful study strategies. Another key part of preparing for ACT English is understanding thebig picture ideas- these 5 key concepts will help you avoid some of the common misunderstandings about the test. Aiming high? Be sure to check out our guide to getting a 36 on ACT English from a perfect scorer. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this English lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands ofpractice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

How To Keep Evergreen Content Fresh For 283% More Traffic

How To Keep Evergreen Content Fresh For 283% More Traffic Two of our blog posts tanked in January. And it was painful. These bad boys  reeled in 58% less page views and a soul-crushing 88% fewer email subscribers than our average blog posts. And this happened all while I was working with my  team to produce content that would generate 225% more traffic than an average blog post. Ouch. And you know why those two blog posts performed so terribly? Its because they targeted topics that were  outdated within a week after they launched.  Take a look, and youll know what I mean: How To Achieve Your Blog Writing Goals This Year How To Improve Your Blog Resolutions For The New Year Theres no reason to read blog posts like that right now, is there?  So let me save you from making the same mistake I did with a little simple, data-driven advice: Create evergreen content instead of newsy or seasonal stuff. How To Make And Repurpose #EvergreenContent To Get 283% More ResultsRead on to learn more about how you can capture 283% more results for yourself with a little help from evergreen contents awesomeness: Get inspired with a few creative evergreen content ideas and examples. Produce content that will  deliver traffic and signups for a long time after you publish it. Keep your evergreen content fresh  to continue building your audience. Get even more results out of your evergreen  content with a little repurposing. Youre about to become an evergreen content mastermind. What Is Evergreen Content? Evergreen content is timeless, valuable information your audience has needed forever and will continue to need well into the future. It's pretty awesome for many reasons: Continue to bring in traffic long after you initially publish your content: Evergreen blog posts get as much as 283% more traffic in just 30 days than newsy, seasonal content. Make the time you put into creating content have long-term payoffs:  Evergreen posts get an average of 30% return on traffic in the second and third months after publish. That's a huge ROI. Get more traffic with  less content:  Since newsy and seasonal content has a short lifespan, you need to publish more of it to get similar results to evergreen content. It takes 5.36 as many seasonal blog posts to match the success of one evergreen blog post. Are you sold? Let's get your brain going with a little evergreen inspiration. #Evergreen content gets 283% more traffic than seasonal content.Step 1: Get Inspired With  30  Evergreen Content Ideas And Examples When we asked you  about your biggest content marketing challenge a couple months ago, you told us that it's most difficult to find ideas worth executing. So a good place to begin  with evergreen content to make sure you get your 283% more traffic is by starting with awesome ideas. Questions And Answers Your audience has always had questions that need answers, challenges that need solutions, and problems they need to solve. Use your knowledge of your audience to  answer the tough questions no one else in your niche is doing well enough. Ideas: What Is The Best {Topic}? When Is The Best Time To {Topic}? Why Is {Topic A} Better Than {Topic B}? Examples: 10 Studies Answer: When Is  The Best Time To Send Email? What is the best way to get more relevant visitors to my blog? How do you size up opportunity cost when deciding to start a startup? Pro Tip: Quora is a  great place to find inspiration for questions that your audience is really asking. Step-By-Step Process The key to making an evergreen step-by-step post is to focus on the practical utility behind the strategy instead of the mechanics of the programs or tools your audience could use to implement your advice. For example, show someone the data-driven ways that work for building an email list rather than the programs they could use to achieve that success. The programs may likely change and vary for any reader, but the strategy behind  list building likely works with any tool. Ideas: How To Build A {Topic} In {#} Simple Steps The Complete Guide To Make A Successful {Topic} {#} Easy Steps To Make A {Topic} In {#} Minutes Examples: The Complete, 4-Step Email List Building Strategy That Will Make You Successful Want to Increase Website Traffic? Follow These 4 Steps†¦ How To Boost Conversions by 529% in 45-Minutes (Two Step-By-Step Case Studies) How-To Posts And Ultimate Guides Similar to step-by-step blog posts, evergreen guides focus on helping your readers understand the strategic thinking behind  a process. Sometimes, these guides  take on a different format than blog posts to appear super comprehensive. For example, you could write a how-to post about how to write compelling social media messages that will increase your traffic. The evergreen angle  for this post would focus on the psychology of  showing the benefits behind the click instead of the mechanics behind best message length for each social network. See the difference? Ideas: How To Make A {Topic} In {Time Frame} The Ultimate Guide To {Topic} How To {Verb} The Best {Topic} Examples: The Comprehensive Course To Finally Keep Your Editorial Schedule On Track The Advanced Content Marketing Guide How to Handle the Trickiest Support Scenarios Timeless Fundamentals For Success Fundamental posts typically present themselves as a list of ideas or ways to do something. These posts typically focus on presenting a lot of information in one place with the hopes that if your readers leave with even one takeaway, you've done your job. For example, let's say you want to write a post about  getting inspired when you hit a road block at work. To create an evergreen blog post, you'd present lots of ways, methods, or ideas to get past the challenge of being uninspired. Ideas: 20 Ways To Be {Desired Effect} When You Don't Feel {Desired Effect} 21 {Topic} That Will Make You {Desired Effect} 23 Ways To Get Even More {Desired Effect} From Your {Topic} Examples: 20 Ways To Be Creative When You Don’t Feel Inspired 3 Ways Your Experience Can Help You Sell Your Services Ten Tips for Creating Influential Content Using Social Media Thought Leadership And New Methods This type of content is one of the most influential kinds of evergreen content. Thought leadership and new method posts don't necessary look at what others in the past have done- or link to other sources to back up their claims- but instead are the posts that present theories, processes, systems, and ideas that no one has really covered ever before. For example, have you come up with a  modern way to do something that makes the standard process obsolete? That's likely an evergreen idea you could add into  your editorial calendar. Ideas: The {#}-Minute, {#}-Step Solution For The Best  {Topic} This Is The {Topic} Every {Audience} Needs How To {Desired Effect} With The {New Method} Technique Examples: Here's Why You Don't Need A "Content Marketing Strategy" The â€Å"Poster Boy† Formula: How I got my first 10,000 readers The Skyscraper Technique: (Content Marketing for Link Builders) Step 2: Publish The Best Content On The Internet That headline might sound like a tall order. It should. Rest assured, though, no matter your resources or who you compete against, you can publish better content than anyone. All it takes is some research, optimization, and dedication- all skills  you can learn as the  ambitious marketer you are. A caveat on why  this should be your goal:  It's hard to stand out. It's even harder if you're publishing content that isn't better than your competition. If you want to win at  evergreen content- like anything- you need to produce content that your audience finds  extremely useful and helps them produce real and measurable results. The process you're about to learn will help you do exactly that. It's hard to stand out. It's even harder if your content isn't better than your competition.Come Up With An Amazing Idea Since coming up with ideas is  a major challenge for many content marketers, let's start there. You know what types of evergreen content may work well for you, but how do you fill in the blanks with really great topic ideas? There's a simple process that will help you come up with hundreds of ideas in next to no time. It involves a couple folks who know your audience really well, an instant messaging app, and an hour to sift through those ideas to find the absolute best ones. Group #brainstorming doesn't work. #bloggingFirst, let's set the story straight: Group brainstorming doesn't work. But you can help your entire team brainstorm together in a way that is extremely effective. Set up an hour-long content planning meeting  with your team to get started: Base New Ideas On What You Already Know Will Be Successful Include an analysis  of your most popular content in your meeting invitation. That will help you and your team understand what sorts of ideas your audience already loves and will help your meeting generate lots of awesome new ideas. Begin by first understanding what your goals are, and how you measure success: Define the reason you're blogging.  Answer this: I am blogging to {reason}. Know how you'll measure that reason.  Answer this: To measure {reason}, I will measure success with {metric}. Determine which tool you'll use to find that metric.  Answer this: I'll use {tool} to measure {metric}. Find your top  blog posts' performance toward your metric in a given time frame.  For example, you could track the number of page views each blog post received within their first 30 days after they publish. This gives each post the same opportunity to be successful, which will help you understand which  blog posts are truly your top performers. Use the spreadsheet in your evergreen content kit to analyze  your data.  After you enter in your data,  sort  it to show your content from  awesome sauce stuff to the real stinkers. Use your analysis to  plan awesome content ideas from the get-go.  Attach the spreadsheet to your content planning meeting invitation and specifically tell your team to come with ideas that replicate your best content while avoiding anything that looks like your worst. Here's an example of what your spreadsheet might look like when you fill it out: Use the evergreen content planning meeting spreadsheet to discover your best-performing content to plan more ideas that will generate similar awesome results. And here's the  text you can copy and paste into your meeting invitation when you attach your spreadsheet: Hey team, Join me  for a  content planning meeting to help us discover new ideas that will help us {reason you're blogging}. Before you come, check out the spreadsheet attached to this invite. The URLs at the top of the list are our best-performing blog posts- the kind of ideas our audience seems to love and ones we should try to replicate. The URLs at the bottom of the list are stinkers, so we should try to avoid ideas like those. The meeting will consist of  20 minutes of individual brainstorming and 40 minutes of grading to narrow our ideas to the absolute best ones. This is gonna be fun! Recommended Reading:  How To Rock A Data-Driven Content Calendar Template That Will Boost Results By 299% Schedule 20 Minutes For Individual Brainstorming Come to your touch point prepared with three things  to kickstart your team's creativity: Explain why you're doing the content planning meeting. Say this: As a reminder, we're here today to find some awesome ideas that will help us {reason you're blogging}. Get them thinking about  the top content you just analyzed.  Say this: When you come up with ideas, ask yourself: How similar is this idea to our other top content? Help them think like a blog reader.  Ask  this: What are the top things our readers want to learn about? From there, give them 20 minutes to brainstorm on their own, typing out every idea in an Evernote note, Google Doc, Microsoft Word- whatever. This is especially helpful for remote teams because this exercise doesn't require you to be in the same room. Try this exercise to create the best #evergreen content on the Internet.Take 40 Minutes To Review Your Ideas This is the fun part. ;) Ask everyone on your team to send you their ideas, then create a master list only you can see. Prep your team to help you sift through the ideas to find the best ones for your audience: Ideas that are similar to your top content  or ones you think your audience would really enjoy get a 3 grade. When ideas fall flat of a 3, those are 2. An idea is a 1 if it's not right for your blog (though it might make for a good guest post elsewhere). From there, read each idea aloud off your master list and have the team instant message you their numbers. The lowest score is the final grade  for the idea- and that's  because at least one person on your team doubts that the idea will be as successful as your top-performing content. In this way, you: Help the team come to your meeting prepared with great ideas at the tips of their tongues. Allow for individual brainstorming to  get everyone involved. Get feedback as a team to harness the power of diverse skills. You'll get all of these benefits  without the groupthink or the one loud team member dominating your meeting. And, you don't get the siloed ideas that only you could think of but aren't necessarily the best ideas. It's a process we use at , and one we plan to continue doing to help us flesh out innovative ideas. Take 40 minutes to review all the ideas that you came up with. #contentplanningResearch Your Keywords You just found some amazing topics your audience will love. Now it's time to plan how you'll help them find your  evergreen content exactly when they want it- and long after you publish it. Remember, evergreen means that your content won't grow stale and could hold a ranking for a long time, so this is an awesome way to keep that traffic rolling in. Research and choose your keywords to understand which content you'll compete against.And chances are pretty high they'll use a search engine like Google to do just that. The good news is that when you research and choose your keywords, it also gives you the opportunity to understand which content you'll compete with, which you'll learn about in a little bit. Anyway, this process can be as simple or complex as you'd like it to be. I'd suggest starting simple: Use a keyword research tool to help you understand the volume of searches for your topic. A great tool to start with is Google's keyword planner. Simply type in the main topic of your idea, then navigate to the Keyword ideas tab. Start your research with Google keyword planner, then navigate to the Keyword ideas tab. The planner will show you the number of times people search for that term in an average month, which is great. But the real value here is seeing the other ideas for terms you might not have originally thought about. Do any of those ideas get more volume that might actually work better for your evergreen content? Google's keyword planner is really great for finding synonyms for what you originally thought would be a good keyword. From here, use Moz's keyword difficulty tool to understand your potential ability to rank for those keywords. It's not really worth targeting a keyword you don't have a chance to rank for, so this is a crucial step to help you make the time you invest into creating awesome evergreen content totally worth your while. Recommended Reading: How To Boost Traffic With 27 Important SEO Tips You Need To Know (+Free Checklist) Use Moz to understand your keyword difficulty. Choose a keyword with low difficulty and a high search volume. Shoot for a keyword difficulty percentage in the 40s (or lower) to start with. It's a newer idea that you should now target multiple related keywords in your blog posts. From here, think about using those related terms- to get techy, this is latent semantic indexing or LSI keywords- as sections in your blog outline. I'll let Rand from Moz explain: Recommended Reading: An SEO Driven Approach To Content Marketing: The Complete Guide Research Your Competition For Those Keywords It seems like a lot of "marketing experts" suggest that creating better content than anyone else is the  best way to grow your blog and business. That's good advice. And they leave it at that... just... advice. Enter your keyword into Google and read the posts from your competition to plan how to create better content than anyone else. So here's how to actually publish the best content on the Internet: Use the keywords you just chose for your blog posts, type them into Google, and read every single one of the top 20 search results. Review them for: Common sections every top-ranking post seems to cover: Rand from Moz suggests that Google understands what LSI keywords the top content covers, so note those as potential sections for your blog post  outline. Ideas they may have touched on but failed to cover in depth: These are opportunities for you to provide better information than the top competition for your keywords. Ideas they should have covered but failed to even mention: When you read these 20 pieces of content, they should spark a lot of ideas that you should cover but they missed. These are gold to help you publish even better content. From here, dedicate 20 minutes to nothing but brainstorming and ideation. Put yourself in your readers' shoes: What would they absolutely love to know about this topic? Draft Your Outline This is where the  terms from your keyword research and the notes from your competition research come together to outline a comprehensive blog post on your topic. That word comprehensive is super important for your success. It means you'll publish a complete, blog post covering the topic in its entirety- the only one your audience  would ever need to read to learn everything they need to know to become rock stars. Word count doesn't matter. Word count doesn't matter when it comes to creating comprehensive content. #bloggingWant To Draft Your Outline? Here's How: List your related keywords in an order that makes the most sense. Add in the biggest relevant notes from your competitive research of ideas they completely missed that you should cover. Fill in  the gaps of your outline with the ideas you're just kinda obligated to cover- the ones all the other top posts talked about. Make sub-points from your notes on how you'll cover those areas in greater depth than your competition. Write Your Evergreen Content Honestly, the process  up to this point will ensure that you create better content than anyone else on the Internet. It will help your evergreen content get noticed and continue to flourish well into the future. Flesh out your outline with in-depth, actionable advice and step-by-step how-to information. Recommended Reading: How To Write Amazing Posts With This Blog Writing Checklist Step 3:  Keep Your Evergreen Content Fresh To Get Long-Term Results The process you're about to learn about is something we call historical blog post optimization at . We could have just as easily called it the update-content-and-get-lots-more-traffic-from-it-with-less-effort method. You see, this is what a historically optimized evergreen blog post looks like after you repost it like a brand new blog post: When you republish your evergreen content, you'll see a spike in traffic, then more daily traffic than before you republished. Even when you publish evergreen content, search engines still seem to reward the marketers who update that information periodically. So not only do search engines like older content, they like freshness, too. Republishing blog posts is an awesome way to help you make the most of the work you put into that content originally to get more traffic and more email subscribers. So this is a win-win-win. Are you going to give historical blog optimization a try? #bloggingGetting started is simple: Schedule a reminder for yourself to review the posts you published six months  after their original publish date. Update Your  Evergreen Content With More Related Keywords You just learned how to find awesome keywords for your evergreen content- and that you can and should target multiple related keywords per post. Those older posts may only target one keyword, so historical optimization gives you the opportunity to understand what your older posts are missing so you can include new sections targeting those relevant keywords. Follow  the advice from step #2 to research your keyword and competition to understand what your existing content is missing. Then create a new outline of your blog post to add those new sections into your existing content. Recommended Reading: Want To Make Your Blog Stand Out? Use The Blue Ocean Strategy Include New Information That Didn't Exist When You Originally Published The Post As you do more competitive research, you'll probably find a few ideas you didn't think of when you wrote the post originally. And with a little more experience since you published your post, you could probably also flesh out your original ideas with a lot more actionable advice, tips, and guidance. Look at your revised outline and make notes where you could flesh out your ideas further with even better information, modern data, and relevant stats. Recommended Reading:  The 10-Minute, 10-Step Solution For The Best Blog Outline Another way to look at this is by including more visual content in your blog posts. Pages with images get 94% more traffic than those without, and video is growing rapidly. Plus, both of those visuals  will help you optimize your social shares to get even more traffic. Recommended Reading:  How To Design The Best Blog Graphics With Free Tools And Design Theory Republish The Evergreen Content As If It Were Brand New The simplest approach is often the best place to start. So when you're ready, here's the easiest way to republish a blog post in WordPress: Create a new WordPress post  where you'll edit your content  so no one sees all of your changes live as you work through your blog post optimization. Change the date and time of the draft blog  post to when you'd like to republish your updated version. Make the permalink (AKA the URL or slug) the same as the original blog post. WordPress will add -2 to the end of your permalink when you do this, which means it worked. So if your original post URL was http://coolblog4life.com/awesome-sauce, your revised post URL will be  http://coolblog4life.com/awesome-sauce-2. That is an indicator for WordPress that even if you leave this -2 post in draft mode, it will republish over the old blog post on the specific day and at the time you specified as if it were a brand new blog post. This is an example of how to republish a blog post with WordPress. Pretty cool, right? Step 4:  Save Time While Getting Even More Out Of Your Evergreen Content The term repurposing content applies very nicely to evergreen content: Reuse it in different ways to make the time you invest into creating it and keeping it fresh totally worth it. Here are a few ways to get even bigger results from your content: Get More Email Subscribers By Improving Your Content Upgrade Content upgrades are related content you give away from your evergreen content in exchange for  your blog readers' email addresses. Common content upgrades include templates, worksheets, infographics, and bundles of all of these. This process is one of the tactics you can use to  grow your email list by 552% in one year. After you're done writing your new sections and adding new ideas into your post, grab the actionable advice and turn it into a worksheet format. Upload your content upgrade into your WordPress media library and grab the URL. Use LeadBoxes from LeadPages to create a link you can embed right in your blog post to show a popup your readers can  use to exchange their email address for your content upgrade. Set up the email function in LeadPages to send an automated email with a link to your content upgrade to the visitor who just subscribed to your blog content. Integrate LeadPages with your email service provider to capture that email address in the list where you manage all of your other subscribers. Improve your content upgrades to get more #email subscribers #bloggingThis  is the same process content marketing all-stars like Neil Patel use to  turn traffic to blog posts into email subscribers to keep their readers coming back. Neil Patel uses LeadBoxes from LeadPages to gather subscribes from inline downloads. Combine Older Evergreen Content Together To Create More Comprehensive  Blog Posts Do you have a couple older evergreen posts that are pretty similar? Chances are, you could combine those posts together to create one comprehensive post. Then all that's left is to redirect your old URLs to your new post, and you're set! Combine successful posts with similar topics to create a more comprehensive blog post? This is a practice we've started implementing at to help us reuse our older posts that haven't been quite as successful: Find a great topic you'd like to cover using the exercise in  step #1. During your competitive research phase in step #2, search your own blog content for related topics. If you don't have a search bar on your blog, use this query in Google: "site: YourDomain.com/  topic keyword". Find at least a couple blog posts that complement your topic and could serve as sections in a brand new post. Copy and paste them into a new blog post, then add the  outline you created from your research. After you publish the new post, set up 301 redirects from your old blog post URLs to your new post URL to maintain whatever SEO juice you had going to the original evergreen content. For example, Devin recently wrote a post about writer's block. She  knew people were searching for information on it because they were likely experiencing it. So she found a couple older posts- one on overcoming writer's block that wasn't ranking well or bringing in traffic to the blog- and combined that with a lot of new information on the topic of getting rid of writer's block. So far, the results have been fantastic. The process helped us recycle older content that wasn't performing by turning it  into a traffic-generating machine. Repurpose Evergreen Content As E-Books And Courses You create lots of awesome evergreen content that would complement itself nicely when packaged together in a different way- especially in longer formats like e-books and courses. The first step is to define your story flow: Brainstorm a broader topic under which you have already written several pieces of evergreen content. Gather the blog posts that may work well  to tell a comprehensive story under that topic. Determine the order of your story from the beginning to the end. Use  the content functionality in , an Evernote note, or a Google Doc to paste your blog posts in the order you just defined. Read through your content as a whole and remove any areas where you may have some repetitious information. For example, we recently wanted to  create something that would really help our audience keep their editorial schedule on track. We had a lot of evergreen content we compiled in order according to a story flow, then turned  all of that into four lessons we included in a comprehensive course. That course- made from strategically repurposing our best content in a logical order to solve a very specific problem- got more than 2,000 subscribers in less than two weeks. And it continues to bring in new subscribers every day, which is a pretty cool success story for repurposing content. Repurpose your evergreen content as e-books and courses. #blogging #amwritingFrom here, you just need  decide which format you'd like to roll forward with. Here's some light reading to get you started: Recommended Reading: 17 Apps That Help You Make Ebooks That Get Noticed The Ultimate Guide To Creating An Email Autoresponder Course How Will You Create Evergreen Content? You're ready to rock at this! You just learned how to: Start with ideas that are truly evergreen to make your return on creation pay off long after you publish your content. Flesh out your idea to publish the best content on the Internet. Literally. And that process will help you rank well in search engines to continue getting the traffic your awesome content deserves. Refresh and republish your evergreen content to keep search engines and your audience happy all while improving your content and saving a ton of time compared to writing brand new stuff every time. Upgrade your content to get more email subscribers, improve  underperforming content with brand new angles that will bring in more traffic, and repurpose content to  turn every last drop of effort into results. So where will you start?

Conflict Diamonds Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Conflict Diamonds - Essay Example These wars till date have caused a loss of around 3.7 million lives. Now that the war in Sierra Leone and Angola are over, and DRC is also cooling down, the problem of conflict diamonds still exist (Seigel, 133; Conflict Diamonds: Did someone die for that diamond). In 1992, the UN Security Council took steps to solve the problem, but was a failure. In 1993, embargo was imposed on arms trade and diamond exports by the UN Security Council. In 1997, military takeover in Sierra Leone and collapse of Lome’ peace agreement in 2000 showed the same picture. In 2000, an embargo on diamond export from Sierra Nevada was also proposed, but all these did little to solve the crisis situation in these African countries. Causes and Impacts The direct impact of the ‘conflict diamonds’ situation can be seen as the two main problems that need to be discussed here - one is the refugee problem and the other being the child soldiers. The source of this ongoing refugee problem started f rom December 1989 with a rebellion between Liberia and Ivory Coast. It was reported that by March 1990, almost 84,000 Liberians had sought refuge in the neighboring country of Guinea, which was where most fleeing people would seek shelter. When talks of negotiation broke off between the governments of both these countries, a fierce rebellion triggered in Liberia in June 1990, and the refugees were now starting to take shelter in Sierra Leone in large numbers. Most people residing in the common area of border like that of Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone started crossing the borders in the form of refugees. These refugees, instead of taking the longer routes, came through the shortest of the ways as crow flies to attend to periodic churches and with alibi of businesses. One major problem was that these refugees, instead of living in the refugee camps started cohabiting in local areas with local people. Land provided to them by the local authorities was used to settle down by construc ting rough unplanned houses as the neighboring areas started becoming overcrowded. Initially, there was co-operation from the host country, but tensions started arising when their numbers started multiplying. Even in some areas, the number of refugees exceeded the number of local people. Tensions started elevating when the rural Liberian refugees could not quite cope up with the urban styles of dressing and mind-set. The tensions were elevated further when there were reduction of already very little resources, mainly due to sloth reaction of the aid agencies. The hosts were never prepared to share their impoverished resources (Magbaily Fyle, 37-47). The second and graver problem arising from the conflict of blood diamond is the increase in the size of child soldiers. According to United Nations (UN), number of child soldiers increased from 200,000 to 300,000 during the period ranging from 1988 to 2002. The increasing use of child soldiers are a slur in the face of the wide claims of various international laws that claim to exert their influence in shielding children from both forceful and voluntary deployment in civil wars throughout Africa. The Liberian war of 1989-1995 shows not the state’s army, but an incredible proportion of children among the rebels. Some conflicts also show a different trend of deploying more child soldiers by the government itself. In Africa, by

Internal Policies (Accounting Ethics) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Internal Policies (Accounting Ethics) - Essay Example The basis of all the policies for having a successful business contract is that of privacy and confidentiality. The details of the clients are not divulged in any way. The draft can be as follows: After potential offers have been received from the external parties for business contracts, our internal department of quality control goes through all the possible nooks or corners of the proposal that verifies the proposal and intention of the clients After the initial verifications, the assigned department of the firm indulges into in-house analysis of the proposed contract and checks all the clauses and subsections. Also, the department looks into the expected benefit of the organisation from the proposed contact Along with the above policies, the most important factor remains that of confidentiality and privacy as sharing intricate, explicit and implicit details of our present future, past or would have been clients are against the ethics practised by our firm Our firms basically use electronic communication system to maintain the two-way flow of communication with their clients and for official uses. We use emails to get their clients’ up – to - date information and details with the present status of their assignments. Various accounting softwares are also used to maintain the accounts of the clients. With the improvements of the technology, nowadays all filling of firms and reporting are being done by the internet. The example of corporate filing can take into consideration which needs online filling with Ministry of Corporate Affairs. Even various forms are to be filled up online. Therefore, the policies for electronic communication of the accounting firms should be strong enough. While assigning a project, the clients always provide some documents and information to the accounting firm. It may be in paper format or electronic format but they have to retain all those document safely. They must ensure that the valuable doc uments

International Politics Essay Example for Free

International Politics Essay Transformation—is one of the few words which could be used in order to define and describe the current situation of the international community. In every parts of the world, transformation is currently occurring from the simple acquisition of one product to another. Such situation could be one of the few examples of the changes which are present in the current society. In the modern society, boundaries and limits had now been erased due to the technology including the issues facing most states in the global community. The past limitation of states in surpassing territorial boundaries of their own state is now removed. Such hindrances are not a concern any longer. The gaps in which divides states are now being linked therefore making each and everyone of us connected. The far away lands of Africa or Europe could now be reached through one click of a button. The then complicated processes of communication as well as the process of international relations had changed due to globalization. The process of globalization became a significant change in the relations of states. In addition, states are not only the actors in the international community. The active participation of non-state actors had been highlighted in the past events which had recently occurred such as wars, conflicts and environmental phenomenon. In the past such as the events of the World War I, nations were the only actors in the war. Decisions were only influenced by the leaders of the states involved. Although international organizations were present in providing aid to the victims of the war, they were not equally involved in the decision making process. But as these events unfold, it is evident that international organizations are similarly participating with the political issues at hand. In the principle of realism, the main actors were only states however; in the view of the liberalism theory, other actors such that of international organizations, trans-national organizations, multinational corporations and the likes. In the book of Baylis and Smith, the authors stated that in â€Å"Realists emphasize states’ ruthlessly self-interested search for territorial, military and economic resources† (Baylis and Smith, 2008). On the other hand, Liberalism or Idealism pursues to promote internationalism during the inter-war period (Baylis and Smith, 2008). The theory of liberalism’s main idea is to attach government together with good governance which will create a connection between states and the societies of the global community. Liberalism promotes the need for the world to unite and commune with the issues of the international community equally. However, unlike the liberalism, realists approach the view of internationalism is translated as anarchy. (Baylis and Smith, 2008) Evidently, the world is already shifting and adopting another form of ideology other than realism which was mainly utilized in the past. In the inter-war years, the liberalist theorists started to promote their perspective in which advocates that international institutions should encourage the values of having order, justice, liberty and toleration within the relationship of states. It was believed in such theory that the conflicts between states could not only be resolved through the use of force and warfare. International institutions or organizations much act as mediators when conflicts are at hand. In addition, such international institutions must be the area of discussion for the reason that it could create other actions in resolving disputes in a much objective manner. Therefore, the liberalists were able to influence every state in creating an international organization which lead to the creation of the League of Nations in which became the fundamental foundation of the United Nations. Although the ideas of the liberalists were idealistic, each state must be a member of the organization in order to fully accomplish and pursue the goals of the international organization. (Baylis and Smith, 2008) In our changing world, the past conflicts and issues of a state are realized to also be affecting the world. The recent war on terror had been actively participated by different states in order to deter the effects of terrorism. After the war on terror, many states changes their view point which such situations—following the chief state which proclaimed the war. The war on terror became a global issue due to the involvement of different states. Additionally, international organizations became a great factor in such war. The war in Afghanistan for example, the United Nations became one of the main decision maker and supporter of the war. The United Nations launched protocols and written agendas in order to promote action against the cruel ruling and the storage of the weapons of mass destruction of Saddam Hussein. In the incident given, the United Nations played a great role in encouraging and promoting in the issue against terrorism. United Nations became one of the main actors is countering against terrorism unlike in the past. (Bredel, 2003) Another issue which is currently in debate until this day is the issues concerning the global environment—climate change. This issue is one of the most controversial and debated issues because it is one of the problems of the world which passes the boundaries of states. Climate change not only affects the climate and the environment but also the politics and economics of each state. One of the few very specific problems under climate change is pollution. Pollution had been a great problem for different states for the reason that it encompasses the boundaries of states. It is known that most industries or factory excretes smoke which turns out to be air pollutants due to the machineries used to create products and the likes. Water pollution also has the same situation for the reason that it flows although out different forms of water and continuously flow to the water of other states. The problem obviously passes through the limitation of the international law and protocols available. The problem becomes a trans-national issue that requires states to cooperate and coordinate with each other in order to solve such crisis. With the issue of climate change, trans-national entities are the most reliable organizations in laying down such issues. Trans-national organizations provide states a much immediate and larger picture of the issue. Due to the personality of trans-national organization, different organizations that aim for the same goals as others come together to be able to solve the dilemmas at hand. With the issue of climate change, the main agent which is very much focused is the United Nations. The international organization created a branch which focuses on the issues of environment which is the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). The branch of United Nations provides answer to the needs of each state in order to address the problem. The UNEP together with the states and other organizations with the same advocacy such as Green Peace and other local organizations with in the various states to be able to provide answer to the issue. The role of non-state actors and trans-national networks had become significant in the international community due to the promotion of international organization during crisis. The power given to non-state actors as well as trans-national networks enable these agencies to freely interfere with the conflicts of states and within states. Therefore, these groups provide their own view points, influencing states and individuals with their perspective. Most of the time, such organizations changes the civil society which then results to the change of the government. One example that could be cited is the pursuance of NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations) in Asia to promote change in the civil society, therefore promoting development within the society. It is stated by Harriet Bulkeley and Michele Merrill Betsill (2005) in their book that â€Å"the international, regional, national and local interact â€Å"with actors influencing the activities of different levels simultaneously† (cited in O’ Riordan and Jordan 1996). With the statement given by the authors, it is evident that the role of non-state actors as well as trans-national organization is equally important as the responsibility of states. Therefore, the international order is changed due to the additional actors that are also acting in the international community. Currently, the international community is evidently reliant to non-state actors as well as to the trans-national networks due to the important role that it is undertaking with conflicts and decision making processes of a state. Non-state actors and trans-national networks had become one of the main components of international relations whether it may be in conflict resolution or in times of celebration. Such groups empower and support positive ideology due to the idealistic nature of most non-state and trans-national networks. The usual â€Å"state-only† theory had now been changed into a new form of relations of states which brings together actors that has the same goals to attain making the relations of states peaceful. Although most non-state actors and trans-national networks aims to create a united international community, there are also groups alike that promotes otherwise. One well known group is the Al-Qaeda which seeks to promote terror and violence from the eyes of most states. Although Al-Qaeda is seen as an extremist group in promoting change, it is also considered a trans-national network for the reason that it encompasses the boundaries of its home state and promotes their ideology to the world. The group creates networks in different parts of the world while maintaining a balance relation with other networks associated to the group. Due to the negative effects they such trans-national network is creating; it definitely changes the order of the international community. Not only it brings terror to the whole global community but the group promotes division and conflict within the global society. (Pearlstein, 2004) In conclusion, the issues that the international community is facing are now crossing the boundaries of states such that of the terrorism and climate change. There is a need for states to get together and resolve such dilemma. Therefore, trans-national networks and non-state actors play a vital role in resolving such problems. The non-state and trans-national networks are the best area for the resolution of such conflicts because objectiveness within the situation is achieved. The international community sets the non-states actors and trans-national networks as the one of the numerous vital actors in the global community. The participation of such actors promotes the unity of the whole international community in times of crisis or triumph. References Baylis J. , Smith S. , Owens, P. Eds.(2008). The Globalization of World Politics: An introduction to International Relations. New York: Oxford University Press. Bredel, R. (2003). Long-term Conflict Prevention and Industrial Development: The United Nations and Its Specialized Agency, UNIDO. Netherlands: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. Bulkeley, H. , and Betsill, M. M. (2005). Cities and Climate Change: Urban Sustainability and Global Environmental Governance. London: Routledge. Pearlstein, R. M. (2004). Fatal Future? : Transnational Terrorism and the New Global Disorder. Texas:University of Texas Press.

Children on Their Birthdays by Truman Capote Essay -- Children on The

"Children on Their Birthdays" by Truman Capote Truman Capote created a character in "Children on Their Birthdays" who is the definition of a dreamer. Her name is Miss Bobbit and although she is only a child, everyone who knew her addressed her as Miss Bobbit because "she had a certain magic, whatever she did she did it with completeness, and so directly , so solemnly, that there was nothing to do but accept it". When she introduced herself as Miss Bobbit people would "snicker", yet she was still known as Miss Bobbit. John Updike once said, "Dreams come true; without that possibility, nature would not incite us to have them". This is just what Miss Bobbit believed. There was no stopping this young girl when she set her mind to something. Miss Bobbit is introduced in the story as a young, sassy, conceded girl who is mocked by almost everyone in the town. By the end of the story she was ?surrounded by people who stopped to wish her well?. Billy Bob and Preacher are two boys who are known to cause trouble. ?They were the biggest friends in town: talked alike, walked alike, and occasionally they disappeared together for whole days.? Although when Miss Bobbit did not appear the boys stayed close to the house hoping to catch a glimpse of her. It was obvious that the two boys had ?fallen in love? with Miss Bobbit and she could get them to do almost anything she wanted. Knowing this, Miss Bobbit did just that. The boys started to work for her and were dedicated to their...

Safeguarding Children

Unit TDA 2. 2: Safeguarding the welfare of children and young people – Task 2 2. 4: Describe the actions to take in respond to emergency situations, including Fires, Security Incidents and Missing children or young people. Fire and other emergencies Buildings need to be evacuated quickly in the event of a fire, gas leak or bomb scare. There will be clear procedures on how to do this in our school/nursery. These procedures must be displayed in each area of the school/nursery, giving information on: ? how to raise the alarm in the event of a fire, gas leak or bomb scare ? hat to do if you hear the fire alarm ? the route you should take – including a plan of the route from each room or area in the school ? the nearest assembly point – for example, in a playground. Registers should be available so staff can make a check that all children are safely out of the building. Information should also be given on what not to do, such as: ? not collecting or allowing children to collect personal belongings or put on coats ? not re-entering the building until you have been informed that it is safe to do so.As a teaching or learning support assistant, we may work in different areas of the school/nursery, so it is important that we know the different routes from each area that we work in. We should be given regular opportunities to practice evacuating groups of children from the building safely. This will give us more confidence in escorting the children safely and calmly. Security Security should be in place which minimizes the risks to children. We must know what these are and ensure that we follow the procedures at all times. These procedures will include: ? signing-in procedures/visitor badges security locks on doors ? procedures for collection of younger pupils ? registration. All visitors to the school/nursery should be identified by badges. If we are unsure about someone we see, we always should report our concern to someone higher up. When children are missing Security procedures should minimize the risks of children going missing from school, so it is essential that we follow school/nursery guidelines. We may be asked to accompany children on school visits and to supervise a group. Staff should make regular checks that all children are present.Some schools require children to wear fluorescent jackets or caps of the same color, so they can be easily spotted. If children are missing, staff must take action immediately by: ? reporting to the teacher responsible ? ensuring that other children are present and safe – checking the register ? checking all areas of the school or grounds ? informing the child’s parents ? informing the police. http://www. pearsonschoolsandfecolleges. co. uk/FEAndVocational/Childcare/NVQSVQCYPW/NVQSVQSupportingTeachingandLearning/Samples/Level2STaLISsamplematerial/Level2SupportingTeachingandLearninginSchoolsUnitTDA22samplematerial. pdf

Charles the Great

Charlemagne, also known as Charles the Great, became the undisputed ruler of Western Europe, â€Å"By the sword and the cross.† (Compton†s 346) As Western Europe was deteriorating Charlemagne was crowned the privilege of being joint king of the Franks in 768 A.D. People of Western Europe, excluding the church followers, had all but forgotten the great gifts of education and arts that they had possessed at one time. Charlemagne solidly defeated barbarians and kings in identical fashion during his reign. Using the re-establishment of education and order, Charlemagne was able to save many political rights and restore culture in Western Europe. Charlemagne was born in 742 A.D., to a very famous and well-known family. Charlemagne†s grandfather was Charles Martel, the man who was responsible for the defeat of the Saracens. Charlemagne was also the eldest son of Bertrade (also known as Bertha Greatfoot) and Pepin the Short, the first to become king of the Franks. With the almost full extinction of schools in the 8th century, many historians say that Charlemagne received very little education, but did learn the art of reading from Bertrade. The one thing that kept Charlemagne motivated throughout his entire life was his deep devotion to the church. Charlemagne was a tall young man with light blond hair, and was described by his secretary as, â€Å"face laughing and merry. . . his appearance was always stately and dignified.† (World book 452) Charlemagne had great wit, but was stern at times. He had simple and moderate tastes; he enjoyed hunting, riding and swimming. Charlemagne had a large wardrobe with many Frankish dresses, linen shirts and breeches, silk-fringed tunics, hoses wrapped with bands, and for the winter he had coats made of otter or marten skins. Charlemagne asked his people to improve their lifestyles, but he divorced two of his four fives without any given cause. In 768 A.D., Charlemagne at the age of 26, along with his brother Carloman inherited the kingdom of Franks. However, in 771 A.D. Carloman died, making Charlemagne the sole ruler of the kingdom. At this time the northern part of Europe was out of order and unruly. In the south, the Roman Catholic Church was asserting itself alongside the Lombard kingdom in Italy. While in Charlemagne†s own kingdom, the people were becoming and acting as barbarians and neglecting education and faith. But Charlemagne was determined to make his kingdom as strong as possible. In 772 A.D., Charlemagne put forth a 30-year campaign to conquer and Christianize the extremely mighty Saxons in the north. He charged over the Avars, a large tribe on the Danube. He forced the Bavarians to surrender to him. When possible Charlemagne attempted to settle his conflicts peacefully. However, he was forced to use brute in some situations. For instance, Charlemagne offered to pay Desiderius for the return of lands to the pope, but after Desiderius refused, Charlemagne seized the kingdom of Desiderius and restored the Papal States. The most important aspect of Charlemagne†s conquests was his uncanny ability to organize. Charlemagne sent out more than 50 military missions during his time in power and he led the missions as commander more than half of the time. He was able to lead his troops through vast lands in unprecedented times, but his every move was planned ahead of time. Before every crusade, he informed all those involved the number of men needed, the weapons required, and he even went as far as to tell what should be in the supply wagons. These tactics were later studied and used by another great man, Napoleon. One of the smallest campaigns undertaken by Charlemagne became on of the most well known. In 778 A.D., Charlemagne led his troops into Spain and laid an attack on Saragossa. The movement failed and upon their recoil they were attacked from the rear and Count Roland one of the leaders of the group was killed in that battle. Roland went on to become a hero in medieval songs. By 800 A.D. Charlemagne was the sole ruler of Western Europe. His immense kingdom included what are now France, Switzerland, Belgium, and the Netherlands. It also covered half of present-day Italy and Germany, part of Austria, and the Spanish March. This Spanish March stretched to the Ebro River. Through his establishment of a single government over the entire Western Europe, Charlemagne re-established much of the old Roman Empire, which paved the way for the progress of present-day Europe. It was on Christmas Day in 800 A.D. that while praying in St. Peter†s in Rome, Pope Leo III approached Charlemagne with a golden crown and placed it on the head of the king. The crowd in the church shouted concurrently, â€Å"To Charles the August, crowned by God, great and pacific emperor, long life and victory!† (Compton†s 347) It is said that Charlemagne was surprised by what happened and stated that he would not have come into the church had he known the pope†s plan. However, other historians say that the pope would not have gambled doing what he did without Charlemagne†s knowing about it. (Compton†s 347) Charlemagne was a very noble man and he had great compassion for the peasant people and had a belief that that government was in place to benefit those that it governed. When Charlemagne came into power many of the people working under him were very careless and sometimes unfair. To change the ways of these people Charlemagne expanded their work, wrote down everything they did and forced them to work in groups of people. This helped those lacking in their work effort to restore some law and order. Two times a year Charlemagne would summon the leading man in the kingdom to talk about the happenings going around. Charlemagne always had the final word in everything including church matters. Charlemagne was determined in establishing improvement in lives of his people. By setting up money values he encouraged trade, he attempted to build a Rhine-Danube canal, and gave advice on different farming techniques. Charlemagne preached the most on education and Christianity to his people. He was responsible for the restoration of Palace School at Aachen, his capital. He also set up other schools for noble boys as well as peasants. Charlemagne was very devoted to education and he never stopped studying himself. He brought in scholars of many languages to his courts. He learned to read in Latin, some Greek, however, he was not too keen of mastering writing. During his dinners, he preferred to have men reading books to him rather than having jesters performing. For his churches, Charlemagne sent his monks to Rome to learn to sing. For his art collections, Charlemagne brought some valuable pieces from Italy. In the cathedral at Aachen there is a large monument, which stands in loyalty to Charlemagne for his religious devotion. Charlemagne built and was buried in the cathedral in Aachen. At the time of Charlemagne†s death in 814 A.D. only one of his three sons, Louis, was alive. Louis had a weak ruling after his father, which brought on many civil wars and rebellions. Charlemagne brought back order to Western Europe; he led his people to many victories and was responsible for the rise of Western Europe. Charles the Great Charles the Great, or Charlemagne as he is more commonly known, was born a Frank, a member of the Carolingian bloodline. He was born in 742, the illegitimate son of Pepin III and an Austrasian noblewoman. He served as the king of the Franks from 771-814, and during that time, during a campaign that lasted nearly 30 years, extended his rule through Western Europe. In the year 800, on Christmas Day, he was crowned Emperor of the West by Pope Leo, and he served as such until his death fourteen years later. Upon his father’s death in 768, Charlemagne and his brother Carloman inherited joint ruler hip of Francia.However, his brother died three years later, and Charlemagne exiled his family and claimed sole rulership. While he was one of a line of what became known as warrior chiefs, he strived to stretch past that with his broader mind that craved contact with â€Å"men of religion, learning and culture, not just as officials who could help him run his empire, but for themselves. † It was his belief in God that helped to make him such a formidable leader, and kept him focused on his objectives with the determination and faith that would help him to become a legend.The year after Carloman’s death found Charlemagne engaged in the Saxon Wars. The relationship between the Franks and the Saxons had long been tense, with the Saxons periodically attempting to expand to accommodate an ever growing population in finding more hospitable lands to inhabit. Border clashes were common, with peace in between being tenuous and short-lived. What also added to the tension was the fact that the Saxons believed in pagan gods, which inevitably added more tension with the Christian Franks. Biography Page 2 of 5 Charlemagne’s first action against the Saxons was to take on both military andreligious connotations. He marched his army into Saxony and captured the castle of Eresberg and then traveled further to destroy a Saxon idol known as the Irminsul, which was a giant tree trunk that was considered a shrine, believed to be one of the pillars of heaven. It was considered to ensure the protection of the gods, and it was considered a demonstration of defiance to the Franks. Thus, by striking in such a way, Charlemagne made a strong statement about his determination to strike both at the Saxon people and at their religion, which is something that he considered to be his duty as a Christian.Following this blow to the Saxons, Charlemagne was called in by Pope Hadrian I to help defuse a situation with Lombardy. There had long been conflict between them, and so Charlemagne decided to put an end to it once and for all, marching his army in autumn of 773, making haste to cross the Alps before it started to snow. He divided his army in two, sending each in different directions. Desiderius, the Lombardy leader, could not split his smaller forces to meet both sections of the Frankish forces, and so he was forced to withdraw back to his capital.Charles and his army followed and laid siege, and, much to Desiderius’ surprise, he settled his troops in for the winter instead of falling back. This time demonstrated the true leadership abilities of Charlemagne. His men were far from home, and forced to fight in inhospitable conditions. But they remained loyal and followed their king, remaining there through spring of 774. However, those in Parvia suffered more than those involved in the siege, hunger and disease rampaging them. Desiderius stubbornly held strong against them until midsummer of that year, whenBiography Page 3 of 5 he finally had to sue for peace. Charlemagne, instead of demanding tribute from Desiderius, instead took the Iron Crown of Lombardy, and sent the Lombardy ruler and his family back to Francia as prisoners. With that, Charlemagne increased the size of his empire, becoming King of Lombardy as well as King of Francia. A large part of Charlemagne’s rule was that of protector of the Church. He did this not only out of loyalty to the Church and the pope, but also because he needed the support of the Christians.The support of the Church took him farther than he might otherwise have gone, helping to instill a loyalty of him into the people, particularly the nobles. However, he made it rather clear that he would not allow the pope any political power, nor would he allow him to dictate his will upon Charlemagne. The king had his own plans, and he was not to be foiled by anyone who might want to interfere, including the pope himself. Charlemagne would once again become involved in a campaign against the Saxons, and he decided that he must find a long-term solution to the problem.He had to confront the problem of a â€Å"war on several fronts and the concomitant drain it imposed on the nation’s resources. † However, he set goals for himself, and he committed himself to achieving those goals, which kept him in conflict with the Saxons until 785. It was slow going, as he wou ld advance into Saxon territory and take land and hostages, but the agreements that came from this were broken by the Saxons as winter came along, and they would regain some of the ground that they lost. However, they were not to regain it all, and so slowly Charlemagne gained more and more of their territory, advancing hisBiography Page 4 of 5 own borders. He garrisoned territory that was taken, and he left clergy with these garrisons to help advance the Christian religion as well. It became clear during these wars that the only acceptable outcome to staunch the flow of hostility and war from the Saxons was complete and total victory. In 782, Charlemagne added new laws and restrictions to what were already imposed upon the Saxon people, focusing again on conversion and attempting to force the new converts however he could to not reneging on their conversions and instead seeking penance for their misdeeds.The laws against crimes against Christians incurred penalties of death, and th e people were expected to supply both land and slave labor to the churches. At first, the results were not as Charlemagne wished. As he was elsewhere, a revolt broke out after Saxon forces killed twenty of Francia’s leading noblemen. When Charlemagne heard this, he marched east with his troops with such ferocity that the Saxons exiled Widukind, who was the leader of the revolt, and handed 4,500 men over to Charlemagne.Each of these was beheaded in a demonstration of Charlemagne’s anger. The knowledge that, so long as Widukind was a heroic figure for the Saxon people, he could not have complete victory, led Charlemagne to offer peace to him as well as gifts and a promise of pardon. There was also the possibility of an official position in Francia as well, and so Widukind accepted baptism and peace with his long-time enemy, and this ended the first phase of the Saxon wars. The next years saw the conquering of Bavaria and a renewal of the Saxon wars.The peace with the Sax ons lasted ten years, and then the Saxons once again started to show defiance to Charlemagne’s rule. His empire continued to grow, however, and â€Å"was Biography Page 6 of 5 bounded almost entirely by sea and neutralized marches. † Despite this success, he was never able to completely bring all of his empire under one system of legislation, which was a large failure for the emperor. It was in 800 that Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne as emperor.After gaining this role, he worked to educate himself, learning to read Latin and Greek, although writing eluded him. He attempted to better educate himself, and also worked to better the lives of his subjects, including working on an improvement in commerce. Russell describes him as â€Å"the pioneer of the Middle Ages and the world is indebted to him for invaluable improvements in the manner and ways of exchange. † He made a point of reforming the monetary system and also worked to introduce universal coinage.While Ch arlemagne will always be known as an impressive military leader, his influence goes far beyond that. His dedication to his religion was a key part of his life, as was his insistence on bettering the education of both himself and the clergy. He promoted â€Å"the spread of a competence in written Latin among the clergy,† believing that social reform would not work if the clergy were illiterate. All of these things together contributed to Charlemagne becoming one of the most renowned and respected leaders in history.Leaders from generations after, all over the world, would work to learn from his example and attempt to mirror his many successes in their own times, using his failures as well to help guide them. Very few leaders had the prowess in so many ways that Charlemagne did, and it was perhaps the fact that he was so well-rounded in his achievements that make his legacy so great. Works Cited Heer, Friedrich. Charlemagne and His World. New York: Macmillan Publishing Col, Inc . , 1975. Russell, Charles Edward. Charlemagne: First of the Moderns. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1930. Wilson, Derek. Charlemagne. New York: Doubleday, 2006.

Lean Manufacturing processes

Lean Manufacturing processes Brief history of Lean Henry Ford started to use the Lean Manufacturing idea in his automobile factory designed to produce a Model T automobile. His reference to the Lean System was a system where the processing does not wait for components from other stages. He thought of it as a continuous flow of value addition.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Lean Manufacturing: processes specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Stages that were related were linked together (Lean Manufacturing: Working more efficiently, par. 8). The Lean theory was â€Å"first mentioned in the James Womack’s 1990 book, The Machine that changed the World† (Lean Manufacturing: Working more efficiently, par. 6). Ford’s process was inflexible. It produced the same product repeatedly, and the end product could not be modified (Duque and Cadavid 71). There was a lot of inventory which resulted in wasteful use of space. Production did n ot depend on consumer demand (Lean Manufacturing: Working more efficiently, par. 9). Taiichi Ohno of Toyota came up with the Just-In-Time (JIT) production system that eliminated the large inventories that Ford design had failed to address (Lean Manufacturing: Working more efficiently, par. 10). Stages in Lean Manufacturing The first stage in Lean Manufacturing is the identification of waste. In this stage, it is recognized wastes cannot be eliminated but they can be reduced. There will always be a more efficient method of production and running business. As a result of this, continuous improvement (Kaizen) is essential (Lean Manufacturing: Working more efficiently, par. 18). A value stream map (VSM) is used to identify processes that do not add value to the end product. The second stage is analyzing the waste and finding out its source. It involves finding where the waste originated. The third stage is developing a solution to reducing waste. Some of practices used to reduce waste a re JIT, Kanban system, zero defects, Single Minute Exchange of Die (SMED), and 5S principles (Duque and Cadavid 78). After eliminating the perceived waste, the process goes back to the first stage of seeking to identify waste.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Toyota Production System (TPS) The TPS has been used by many organizations across the globe as the reference point when it comes to Lean Manufacturing. The TPS evolves within Toyota. It is learnt through participating in the development process (Liker and Morgan 6). Just-in-Time (JIT) in the TPS involves using Kanban to control the level of production. The Kanban displays the quantity needed in writing. Materials are moved from one task to another without interruption. The process ensures â€Å"the right parts to the right place and at the right time† (Liker and Morgan 7). The Kanban system reli es on what is needed in the stores. The TPS also uses a Jidoka system where machines are programmed to stop producing if they detect deviation from the standard size. It is also applied by employees who are required to pull a cord that lights a signal requesting for help. Assistance from a team leader is also expected to with less waiting in between, probably within seconds (Liker and Morgan 7). The Jidoka system is used to eliminate defects. The Heijunka (leveling) makes the production process smooth and continuous. Heijunka is also applied in new product development (Nepal, Yadav and Solanki 62). The TPS uses the Kaizen as a term for continuous improvement. It integrates maintenance into the normal process (Liker and Morgan 8). Kaizen is continuous improvement without causing delays. Kaizen also ensures that workers are involved in the improvement of their workstation. Mehri (23) elaborates that workers in the TPS are nurtured like in a family. Duque and Cadavid (74) explain that there are no â€Å"lean† layoffs. Criticism on the TPS The TPS system has been criticized for overlooking workers’ welfare. Mehri (24) claims that TPS has less concern about improving the lives of employees. It is more concerned about producing vehicles in the fastest way and at the lowest cost. Mehri (24) claims that utilization of minimal space is implemented at the expense of worker safety.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Lean Manufacturing: processes specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There are very many workers in a small space (Mehri 38). The system is also criticized for its operations being too quick for workers. Mehri claims that workers have to â€Å"work every second of every minute without break† (24). The Japanese TPS uses a system which disallows employee disagreement and confrontation known as Taternae. Mehri (24) criticizes TPS for relying on purchasing designs from outside th e organization. The TPS designers are known to compare designs to emerge with a superior one instead of modifying an existing design to reach desired level of performance. It leads to higher costs because multiple designs are purchased. The TPS engineers have accumulated deep knowledge on TPS but narrowed their view on what happens outside their system. The TPS practices a form of secretiveness about its technical knowledge (Mehri 28). Some of the Companies that have applied the Lean System General Electric (GE) In 2008, GE abandoned the concept of outsourcing to reduce costs. It is now focused on the Lean System. The company started by investment in human capital. Immelt claims that GE hired â€Å"more than 300 industrial designers, engineers, and salaried team members with new skills and expertise† (45). Recruiting and training workers are part of the Lean System. Continuous improvement requires companies to retain a certain level of technical skills. Successful application of the Lean System requires inspiration from the CEO (Sim and Chiang 97). The GE factory in Louisville has been applauded for reducing the time needed to manufacture a refrigerator by 68% and the working space by about 80% (Immelt 45). The refrigerator takes 9 hours to build in some factories. The main aim of the Lean System is to reduce costs while maintaining product quality. Overall labor efficiency has improved by 30%, and inventory has been reduced by more than 60%. GE has emerged as the largest producer of jet engines through managing efficiency. It services over 50,000 jet engines (Immelt 46). GE also managed to design a GeoSpring Hybrid water heater with lower energy consumption. It is retailing at a lower cost. It is expected to create more than 1,300 new jobs through the GeoSpring Hybrid water heater project (Roulo 54).Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In Louisville, GE has also applied cooperation between trade unions and the company. Cooperation is part of the Lean System. Immelt (45) reports that the workers’ union accepted a lower wage rate for new employees. Following the new agreement, GE was seeking 450 employees but received 6,000 applications within an hour. It shows attractiveness of the Lean System which promises continuous improvement and job security to workers. Wiremold In the 1990s, Wiremold CEO used the Lean System to reduce machine setup time from 14 hours to 6 minutes (Katz 38). Machine setup time is the time needed to alter a machine to start producing a different product or part. At first, employees thought that Art Byrne (former CEO) idea of reducing the setup time from 14 hours to less than 10 minutes was unachievable. They used the Kaizen concept (continuous improvement) and machine alteration to achieve the change (Katz 38). Byrne had knowledge about the Lean System and engineering which he used to a ssist the workers. Ariens Co. Ariens Company has adopted a pull production system. Katz explains that the â€Å"company’s plants now produce kits of components based on the next production line process† (40). Lean System emphasizes producing what the next stage actually needs. The company has reduced its inventory. It has reduced cycle times from a month to an hour. Sim and Chiang (106) acknowledge the adoption of Lean System into organizational culture for results. The CEO, Dan Ariens, started by incorporating Lean System into the organization’s culture. Financial Benefits In 2005, Toyota challenged the leading global automotive makers by promising to be the next largest car producer worldwide. It had profit that exceeded $10 billion. It reported a 15% annual growth rate. Its market capitalization exceeded the combination of GM, Ford, and DCX (Liker and Morgan 5). In the supply chain industry, Alcoa is reported to have saved $1.1 billion between 1998 and 2000 b y applying the Lean System (Lee et al. 974). Nabisco/Wegman Foods implementation of Lean System yielded an improvement in sales from 36% to 50% (Lee et al. 977). Supply chains have applied the customer-pull replenishment system among other Lean System principles. Jefferson Pilot that offers life insurance policy to its customers was able to reduce the time taken to be issued with an insurance cover by 50%. Labor costs declined by 26%, and redoing tasks reduced by 40%. Premium receipts indicated an increment of 60% (Lee et al. 979). The direction taken by Lean System The Lean System is headed towards a stage where organizations seek measurable attributes that indicate that the Lean System is actually productive. Productivity is enhanced by through the JIT system. It involves reducing order flow time, order lead time, and using pulling process to manage levels of production. The annual value that is channeled through customer-pull mechanism is analyzed (Duque and Cadavid 76). Communic ation is concentrated across the team than upwards towards the management. Frequencies of information updates are used to measure the use of information systems (Duque and Cadavid 76). The Lean System has been applied in the service sector such hospitals, and supply chains. Maslaton (16) identifies single piece flow, Kanban, Value Stream Mapping, JIT, overall equipment effectiveness (OEE) and 5S as some of Lean System tools that are applicable in the pharmaceutical industry. Conclusion Customer feedback is emerging as the most useful information in the Lean System. The TPS relies on consumer views to carry out its continuous improvement programs. GE developed a low cost and power efficient Geospring water heater. Roulo (54) reports that GE collected views from about 2,000 users between 2010 and 2011. Blank (68) discusses that there is no perfect plan, and continuous improvement relies on consumer expectations. Gregory (21) explains that Six Sigma is very effective in eliminating var iations in production. On the other hand, the Lean System is very effective in enhancing productivity. Organizations around the world are trying to combine both models to get their desired result. Blank, Steve. â€Å"Why the Lean Start-up Changes Everything.† Harvard Business Review May. 2013: 63-72. Print. Duque, Diego, and Leonardo Cadavid. â€Å"Lean Manufacturing Measurement: The Relationship between Lean Activities and Lean Metrics.† Estudios Gerenciales 23.105 (2007): 69-83. Print. Gregory, Annie. â€Å"A Lean Marriage.† Works Management Magazine Jun. 2008: 18-21. Print. Immelt, Jeffrey. â€Å"The CEO of General Electric on Sparkling an American manufacturing Renewal.† Harvard Business Review Mar. 2012: 43-46. Print. Katz, Jonathan. â€Å"The Lean CEO Effect: There’s a Difference between CEOs Who Engage in Lean and Those Who Simply Encourage It.† Industry Week Oct. 2012: 38-43. Print. Lean Manufacturing: working more efficiently 2013. Web. https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newSTR_44.htm. Lee, Sang, David Olson, Sang-Heui Lee, Taewon Hwang, and Matt Shin. â€Å"Entrepreneurial Applications of the Lean System Approach to Service Industries.† The Service Industries Journal 28.7 (2008): 973-987. Print. Liker, Jeffrey, and James Morgan. â€Å"The Toyota Way in Services: The Case of Lean Product Development,† Academy of Management Perspectives 2006: 5-20. Print. Maslaton, Rafi. â€Å"Lean Manufacturing: Which Lean Approaches and Tools are Best Suited for the Pharmaceutical Industry.† Pharmaceutical Processing 2012: 16- 19. Print. Mehri, Darius. â€Å"The Darker Side of Lean: An Insider’s Perspective on the realities of the Toyota Production System.† Academy of Management Perspectives (2006): 21- 42. Print. Nepal, Bimal, Om Yadav, and Rajesh Solanki. â€Å"Improving the NPD Process by Applying Lean Principles: A Case Study.† Engineering Management Journal 23.1 (2011): 52- 68. Print. Roulo, Candace. â€Å"GE Uses Lean Principles, Plumbers’ Input to Design, Build GeoSpring.† Contractor Magazine Mar. 2012: 53-54. Print. Sim, Khim, and Bea Chiang. â€Å"Lean Production Systems: Resistance, Success and Plateauing.† Review of Business n.d.: 97-110. Print.

Analysis Of George Orwells 1984 English Literature Essay

Analysis Of George Orwells 1984 English Literature Essay â€Å"George Orwell’s was born in India, the second child of Richard Wellesley Blair and Ida Mabel Limonzin. In 1904 Orwell moved with his mother and sister sngland, where he attended Eton. His first writings Orwell published in college periodicals. During these years Orwell developed his antipathy towards the English class systems.† (Blair, â€Å"George Orwell† P.2) In 1922 Orwell began to experience what life was like, when he went to Burma to server in the Indian imperial police he began to understand the types of government that dictated the views of many societies such as the imperial rule which led to his resignation as assistant superintendent. After his journey in Burma, Orwell returned to Europe but he was poor and had no money, no college degree and thus couldn’t find any job or anyone to help him financially. In order to understand society better Orwell attempted to get himself arrested as a drunk one night in order to get a better understand o f life in prison, which would perhaps give him an inside into the human mind about exactly what makes a person do a crime and how their psychology changes once they go to prison. This helped him focus his efforts when he wrote 1984 because he explores how a socialist world controlled by big world and allows the thoughts of the main character (Winston) to be able to be read by the audience. The most important part of his life that affected 1984 the most was when in 1930 Orwell decided to adopt socialistic views. â€Å"He fought alongside the United Workers Marxist Party militia and was shot through the throat by a Francoist sniper’s bullet† (Blair, â€Å"George Orwell† P.3) During chaos when Stalinists captured his friends he luckily escaped, the war made him a strong opponent of communism as an advocate of the English brand of socialism. Orwell also opposed a war with Germany, but he condemned fascism and during World War II he served as a sergeant in the Home G uard and worked as a journalist for the television broadcasting company BBC. His first satire titled The Animal Farm was perhaps the wittiest novels ever published were not only was there humor, but there was also a strong scent of hate towards the Russian revolution. This let him to 1984 which was a very bitter protest against the nightmarish future and corruption of the truth and free speech of the modern world. Orwell’s life not only created a masterpiece of works that sound like something that would happen in real life, but for his time he had an amazing imagination for constructing a world controlled by one man, and were no one could be trusted and the life of the party depended on the corruption of historical documents and lying to the people. Main Characters: Winston Smith: Winston is the novels protagonist. He is thirty nine years old and works in the Ministry of Love correcting historical errors. Smith has an ulcer on his leg which prevents him from walking long dist ances as that irritates it and causes pain. He also dislikes the party, and hopes to find someone who shares his enthusiasm for finding a way to liberate his people from the dictatorship of Big Brother. Winston truly believes that he could save the world from the Big Brother party and puts himself in peril by joining O’Brien and at the novels resolution is betrayed, loses his beloved Julia and ends loving Big Brother and the party. His aspiration is was to be able to change what the party has done to the world and be able to live freely without oppression.