Population Growth Problem Essays - Demography, Human Overpopulation

Populace Growth Problem The development of the total populace is an issue that numerous individuals see as being tended to eventually. While we live in a nation that is receiving the rewards of a superpower, the vast majority of the United States is detached from the issues of populace development. In this paper, I expect to address three significant issues. To what extent will we have the option to help our planets food needs? How would we be able to manage populace development in the current day? What's more, How come certain regions will in general have bigger populace development than different territories? Be that as it may, first in this paper, I will perceive how the speculations of sociologists and demographers fit into the Earth's populace issue. Speculations MARX 1818-1883 Karl Marx saw a entrepreneur society as a financial framework that will undoubtedly fizzle. In Marx's conclusion this prominent disappointment was situated in the plan of the framework. As indicated by Marx, In the industrialist economy there are two significant gatherings; the bourgeoisie and the working class. The bourgeoisie are the individuals who own the methods for creation, have the force. The low class are those that work for the bourgeoisie and are at their kindness. At the economy creates, the hole between the bourgeoisie and the low class becomes more extensive and in the long run all the capital is constrained by a little level of the populace and the working class is constrained into destitution. To somebody with next to zero sociological foundation, the above section has nothing to do with populace as a social issue. In any case, in the event that you fit populace into Marx's depiction of the industrialist framework, it is more applicable than at first look. The most ideal approach to make this point understood is to give two speculative circumstances. Family X is a white collar class family that is progressing admirably monetarily and they will in general have a bigger number of youngsters than if they are not making so much cash. However, as the bourgeoisie acquires and more control, families like X have their salary driven down and at last have less youngsters. Families must have enough cash, food, and so forth to endure. In the event that they don't have these merchandise and they can't control their wages, they should control they should control a viewpoint of their lives that would permit them to endure, regardless of whether to have youngsters. Family Z is an amazingly rich family that pretty much hoards a part of their economy. As the economy advances, family Z can drive down the wages of their laborers along these lines expanding their benefit. Since a family like Z is just a little percent of the populace, there is no concern whether or not they have numerous youngsters. So in our general public, as indicated by Marx, we have nothing to stress over. For whatever length of time that we proceed with our financial pattern, populace will fix itself. Presently in the event that you take a gander at Marx's hypothesis in general, it bodes well. MALTHUS 1766-1834 Malthus was a humanist that was the writer of Population: the principal exposition. This article is about the flawlessness of humankind. Malthus depicts the various stages that man has experienced and he gives hypothesis to control populace. Malthus was certain that we can control populace in the event that we can exercise moral self control. On the off chance that we can battle against our common desires to have kids, it will hold populace development under tight restraints. One of the reasons that we need to control our common desires is that there won't be enough food to help our populace. Maltus feels thusly in light of the fact that populace develops at a geometric rate, while food must be developed at a number-crunching rate. So we are as a result fixing our own destiny by having youngsters. Malthus says that by considering the entirety of the difficulties that our youngsters should confront, we will be inspired not to have them. So while Marz's hypothesis pretty much occurs all alone, on the off chance that we are to tune in to Malthus some work is to required by us. Weld is a contemporary Canadian humanist that manages populace issues from an angle that can be all the more effectively comprehended by individuals of our time. In one article Standing up to the Population Crisis the twenty one most normally utilized contentions to perplex the issue. In this article, Weld is capable to react to those that don't see populace as a social issue. Despite the fact that I might want to go into every one of Weld's reactions, this isn't a paper on her, so I will just pick a couple. Her reaction to contention 2

Contemporary Accounting Issue Research Business Project Environment

Question: Depict about the Contemporary Accounting Issue Research for Business Project Environment. Answer: Presentation On the off chance that the activities of a business association cause uncontrolled harm to the earth, at that point it would unfavorably influence the endurance of other individuals. For instance business exercises prompting rash falling of trees or wastage of vitality or contamination would hurt the interests of society in general. Additionally business associations need to treat their representatives and clients reasonably. It is because of these reasons the subject that has been decided for look into is ecological and social detailing by organizations. All the more explicitly investigate is being done to discover why numerous organizations don't create maintainability reports (Research Gate, 2016). This examination is connected with numerous hypotheses and the hypothesis that stands apart most is the partner hypothesis that gives that organizations produce supportability reports since they feel or are considered responsible to the various partners. Down to earth inspiration The announcing by an organization of its social and natural exhibition is significant for various partners like investors, representatives, potential financial specialists and furthermore overall population. So the issue that numerous organizations don't deliver maintainability reports gets critical and the reasons why these associations don't unveil such reports should be explored into. Numerous assets are constrained and should be utilized dependably. As the business association is a piece of the framework it would likewise experience the ill effects of its rash conduct over the long haul. The administration of the business endeavor might likewise want to realize the natural dangers confronting the association. The financial specialists might want to know how mindful the organization is with respect to supportability issues. Every one of these elements can get such required data in the supportability report (Probonoaustralia.com.au, 2016). Hypothetical inspiration In spite of the fact that there is parcel of worry among individuals in regards to the ecological and social costs that society needs to pay because of tasks of business associations, this has still not brought about organizations delivering supportability reports which give likewise give a sign about the earnestness with which these associations treat these issues and their dedication towards condition insurance. This exploration would discover genuine reasons why organizations are not delivering such reports. A few explanations behind such conduct have been found in before looks into. These reasons would be all the more completely investigated in the flow examine venture. Besides the regions which have been deficiently explored like what ought to be explicit divulgences in supportability reports by organizations would be investigated in the ebb and flow examine (Probonoaustralia.com.au, 2016). Moreover manners by which the current laws and guideline of supportability revealing by o rganizations can be reinforced would be discovered. Writing survey As per Stubbs, Higgins and Milne, (2013) there are numerous Australian organizations which don't do maintainability detailing and there are different hidden explanations behind this. The weights from different partners have expanded on the board of organizations throughout the years to give maintainability reports. Yet at the same time whether an organization covers supportability of its tasks is controlled by numerous inward factors like its size, authoritative culture, the industry the firm has a place with, its hierarchical structure and so forth. The organizations which are generally greater in size with dynamic viewpoint and workers explicitly caring for maintainability issues report more. There is greater maintainability announcing in ventures like mining and vitality where individuals are increasingly worried about the effect of such firms on condition. Numerous organizations don't report since they believe it to be something honorable however not a need. So there is requireme nt for additional weights from various partners and all the more clear laws identifying with condition security and revelations in regards to the maintainability. As per Ameer and Othman, (2012) who completed an examination, the organizations which have embraced increasingly moral practices and make strides for limiting antagonistic impacts on condition through their tasks are progressively productive. At the end of the day being socially mindful has improved their money related execution. These outcomes show that there is have to make organizations and individuals increasingly mindful that being socially dependable is for the advantage for business associations likewise in fiscal terms. In this manner business associations ought not exclusively be socially dependable, however ought to likewise report about their social execution. As indicated by Hahn and Kiihnen, (2013), there are a few factors that decide if the organizations distribute maintainability reports or not. The previously mentioned people contend that maintainability revealing is connected to a degree to authenticity and partner speculations. The organizations want to legitimize their activities influencing condition through manageability reports. Be that as it may, government should give more consideration to make and actualize laws unmistakably characterizing the degree of supportability revelations to be made by organizations. There is requirement for more partner mindfulness and weights in such manner. As indicated by Aceitimo, Ariza and Sanchez, (2012) the degree of coordinated supportability and money related detailing relies upon numerous variables like the size of an organization and level of rivalry in the business. An enormous organization is progressively noticeable and has increasingly political and open weights to unveil maintainability reports. In addition it needs huge assets and has financial specialist weights and it needs to give a positive sign by such divulgences. In the event that there is more rivalry in industry, the organizations would be hesitant to make supportability revelations in dread of hurting their serious positions. As indicated by Rao, Tilt and Lester, (2012) the degree and nature of corporate administration in an organization is straightforwardly identified with its ecological detailing. In the event that there are bigger number of free chiefs in an organization there are more possibilities the firm would unveil satisfactory data identifying with its tasks influencing nature. Along these lines the legislature and other administrative specialists ought to reinforce corporate administration prerequisites. Numerous organizations with generally lesser corporate administration systems don't do adequate natural revealing. Theory The accessible writing which has been investigated above focuses to various reasons which have provoked organizations to deliver manageability reports throughout the years like its size and nature of industry the firm has a place with. Yet at the same time it is the weights from partners like investors and open which has brought about more revelations by organizations. Be that as it may, the laws identifying with supportability announcing by organizations despite everything don't force numerous commitments on organizations in such manner. Left to themselves, most organizations would not create supportability reports. These are the reasons why the accompanying speculation has been proposed which would be tried during the examination procedure (Zikmund et al., 2013). The theory that has been taken in the exploration is that lacking laws and deficient partner pressures are the essential purposes behind numerous organizations not creating maintainability reports. The hypothesis that identifies with the above speculation is the partner hypothesis. This hypothesis recommends that the purpose behind organizations making divulgences in regards to their maintainability execution is that they are responsible to various partner for their activities. Various partners care for natural and social issues and utilize their amazing situation to squeeze the administration of organization to make such divulgences. Research strategy In this exploration both essential and optional information would be gathered. Surveys would be dispersed among various partners of ten organizations (Zikmund et al., 2013). These partners would comprise of investors, directors, clients, providers and government authorities. The surveys would be sent to ten partners of each organization. The survey would comprise of close finished and open finished inquiries to discover data about how all around educated these people are about natural and social issues, regardless of whether they know about supportability revealing by organizations and on the off chance that they are happy with the degree of data unveiled by organizations in such manner and if their business choices are impacted by the degree and nature of detailing by organizations on their presentation identifying with ecological and social issues. Further there would be addresses like on the off chance that they have taken any measures to squeeze the organizations to create suffic ient supportability reports. The reactions of various partners in the example would be dissected (Zikmund et al., 2013). The information would be surveyed both quantitatively and subjectively. This would uncover the degree of mindfulness and reaction of various partners in the example with respect to maintainability revealing by organizations. Notwithstanding the essential information, auxiliary information would be gathered as government reports, diary articles, and paper articles to get some answers concerning the present laws that are set up with respect to revelation of reports by organizations identifying with their natural and social presentation and the perspectives on individuals in regards to them (The Conversation, 2016). The examination of information gathered from essential and auxiliary assets would assist with coming to the end result whether the previously mentioned theory is right or not. End There has been an expanding mindfulness about natural and social issues among individuals over the most recent couple of decades. Business associations have assisted with carrying monetary success to individuals by making work and quality items. Be that as it may, as earnings of individuals have risen, they have starting to think increasingly about different issues which influence their endurance and personal satisfaction. There has been spr

How to write a college admissions essay Complete guide.

How to write a college admissions essay Complete guide. A college admission essay is one of the main parts of the application. Your college essay application is your choice to showcase their best qualities and to show an admissions committee that makes you stand different from other applicants. 1. Start with a Template Summary 1. Start with a Template2. Brainstorm3. Show your personality4. Write the essay.5. Proofread6. Choose your own words7. Tie up loose endsExperts Help For College Essay Writing The template can give you a good starting point for your college admission essay. It can also help you learn how to create a solid college admissions essay format. You can include a title with the name and address of the person who receives your letter. The template is in the form of help for your creativity. 2. Brainstorm Before you start writing, brainstorm some ideas. Choose your story to tell. Choose one of the ideas that have narrowed you. You must have adequate helpful details to rely on this as the outstanding performance of your abilities, achievements, perseverance or beliefs. Choose three concepts that you think are the most suitable for college application essays and weigh the strength of each. What idea can you develop further and not lose the reader? Who really occupy more of who you are? 3. Show your personality The college admissions essay tells what you really are. Show the admissions officer that you are mature, thoughtful and responsible. Use your own voice and your stories to tell why you should have an ability for admission in college. Do not be afraid to use failure in your story. The colleges know that students are human and this failure is a natural part of life. You do not have to make a long list of all your shortcomings, but accepting weaknesses and misconceptions can lead to authenticity and can give more credibility to your legitimate achievements. 4. Write the essay. Once you are satisfied with your essay, begin writing! Consider starting with a relevant quote, question or short story. Using words that you normally do not use in your daily conversations may seem strange and compelling in your essay. Your college essay application should reflect the sound of your authentic speaking, but that does not mean that you can write it like a long text message. Be yourself. Entrance officials read many application essays and know the difference between a students original story and a recycled academic essay. 5. Proofread The final step is the editing and proof of your finished college admission essay. Give yourself some time before you proofread it. To review spelling and grammar errors, read the essay in front of other people. Parents and teachers are good candidates for this work. If you mention a particular college in the essay, make sure it is the correct name and corresponds to the whole piece. 6. Choose your own words Your own words are the best way to tell who you are as a student and a person; using any other words will not give an authentic voice to your essay. Focusing on specific details of your life, while giving yourself plenty of time. Your college application essay gives you an opportunity to show why you deserve a prestigious place in your favorite college. A strong essay can give you the best chance to come to the college of your dreams. 7. Tie up loose ends When you submit your college admissions essay, remember to include your name, contact information and ID number in this. Especially if you send it to the normal login email account. To make sure that you keep copies of which schools and when and who you have followed! To send your essay, be sure about the college or university you are applying for. Experts Help For College Essay Writing If you are looking for college essay writing or any other essay service at reasonable prices. So we provide the best essay writing service for all of us. Apart from this, assignment help, homework help, project help and essay writing services also provide. We work round the clock and offer excellent writing service. We have a large team of essay writing experts. Our specialists are highly qualified and experienced to handle all types of essay writing. Our specialists are always ready to help you. You will get a full college essay writing service on the given time limit. We provide a reputation for a reliable custom college essay writing service. We respect your privacy and keep it in strict confidentiality. Quick Links- How To Write A Narrative Essay?How To Write An Essay In APA Format?Tips For Structuring An EssayHow To Write An Essay Ask for query

Americ Just Another England - 2070 Words

America: Just Another England History tells us that a just and successful democracy has never existed, so why would we, as citizens, believe that we live in one now? Before our nation was established it was commonly believed that a democratic government was not feasible in a large scale setting. Yet, our founding fathers fought to establish our union this way. Their goal was to create a new nation that differed from England in the aspects that it would not be corrupt, be just, and there would be changes in positions of power. They truly believed that with all the checks and balances that it would not be corrupted, so why is it? Between the nature of humanity, the ever growing corruptness of our government, and the development of factions, the founding fathers created another England. Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau are some of the most influential political philosophers in history. They all wrote about how they believed a social contract was required to be in pla ce for a government to work and drew their conclusions off of their own theories of human nature. Thomas Hobbes and Jean-Jacques Rousseau leaned towards more negative views on human nature. Hobbes theorized that if we were in a state of nature, where there was no government, we would be in a state of war. People would constantly be causing destruction and harm to others around them out of a combination of self-protection and greed. In the mind of Thomas Hobbes, human nature was very ugly, andShow MoreRelatedA Brief Biography of Ana Sokolow1470 Words   |  6 Pagesthat they did not have the best relationship. Sokolow said that she couldn’t work for Graham under the conditions that she taught her dancers and that â€Å"Sokolow’s interest in exploring her own Russian-Jewish background clashed with Graham’s focus on Americ.† Sokolow definitely always felt like Horst had a great influence on her in that he â€Å"encouraged her to explore her own ideas in he r compostions,† (Jewish Virtual Library). In the 1930’s, she aligned with a group known as the radical dance movementRead MoreCapital Punishment : The Death Penalty1878 Words   |  8 Pagesequals their wrongdoing. For justification purposes of both divides of this argument, it is best to involve innocence, deterrence, retribution, discrimination, reformation, incapacitation and brutalization effects as the subject matters. Determining a just reason to pick a side cannot be duly made without the respective subject matters. Americans can utilize varying standards when assessing both demerits and merits of capital punishment (Amsterdam, 1982). For example, fiscally minded people will major

Advanced Practice Nurse Professional Development Plan

Advanced Practice Nurse Professional Development Plan Student’s Name Institution Affiliation Advanced Practice Nurse Professional Development Plan Introduction Advanced practice nurses are nurses who possess post-graduate education and training in nursing, and who have been equipped and prepared with advanced clinical and didactic knowledge, skills, education, and scope of practice in nursing (Schober, 2017). Because of the increased demand for care to levels that greatly surpass its provision coupled with the shortage of healthcare professionals, there is an urgent need to have nurses who can deliver care without the supervision of physicians thereby ensuring that all the people who need healthcare services have been†¦show more content†¦The purpose of this paper is to develop and APN professional development plan. APN Scope of practice The term scope of practice is used to illustrate the legal authority that is conferred upon a professional to provide health services and be reimbursed for providing such services (Hamric, Hanson, Tracy, , O’Grady, 2014). The scope of practice for the advanced practice nurse illustrates the requirements and responsibilities that accompany the position. The scope of practice nurse provides regulations and guidelines for the advanced practice nurse to ensure that they maintain professionalism and conform to ethical standards whenever they provide services. The APN practice is founded in scientific evidence and entails many aspects that foster the enhancement of the nursing practice such as health education, research, mentorship, and leadership. Just like laws, the APN scope of practice is closely knitted to state and national statuses, and, therefore, it varies from country to country and from state to state. In Maryland, the scope of advanced practice nurs ing is set and regulated by the Maryland Board of Nursing (Maryland. gov, 2016). The board is mandated with regulating the practice, offering certification for eligible members, ensure that APN’s strictly adhere to laws that have been set to govern their performance, and that the act regulating the profession is aptly followed. The scope of practice is regulated by the nursingShow MoreRelatedProfessional Development Plan For An Advanced Practice Nurse Essay1136 Words   |  5 Pages Professional Development Plan Adetola Okutubo Walden University NURS 6001, Spring Qtr. 02/29-05/22-PT3, Foundations of Graduate Study April 3, 2016 Professional Development Plan In furtherance of a lifelong desire to become an advanced practice nurse, I herewith articulate my professional development plan (PDP) based on Walden University’s program of study (POS), in alignment with my personal and professional goals. I welcome this opportunity to begin the development of professional portfolioRead MoreAdvanced Practice Nurse Professional Development Plan Essay1880 Words   |  8 PagesAdvanced Practice Nurse Professional Development Plan The role of the Advanced Practice Nurse (APN) is expanding internationally throughout the healthcare system. Since the initiation of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act in 2010, there has been an increased need for APNs due to the growing demand for primary care services and increased population that have gained healthcare coverage (Lanthrop Hodnicki, 2014). The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of APN and develop aRead MoreThe Importance Of The Apn Professional Development Plan1705 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of the APN professional development plan is to apply skills and knowledge attained for individual and professional growth. 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As aRead MoreProfessional Development Plan For Career Goals1693 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Professional development plans are important tools that serve various purposes. It serves as a reflective tool that the APN uses in assessing and evaluating the path they are taking and the goals they want to achieve. Professional development plans are important tools used by advanced practice nurses to highlight the skills and knowledge attained through personal and professional growth. Whether an APN is looking to apply for a new job or advance in a particular position, a professional developmentRead MoreAdvanced Nursing Practice1223 Words   |  5 Pagesthe development of advanced nursing practice. The discussion will include the political, economic, social, and technological influences that have contributed to the transformation from the traditional nursing role to the numerous exciting advanced level career opportunities achievable in nursing today. 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Using peer-reviewed, on-line and library sources: 1. a.) identify a nursing model not covered in class. (1 point) Patricia Benner s Novice to Expert model b.) mention some background on its development. (7 points)Read MoreLifelong Learning Plan And Role Analysis Essay1199 Words   |  5 Pages Lifelong Learning Plan and Role Analysis Dimietris D. Thompson Sacred Heart University Lifelong Learning Plan and Role Analysis The Future of Nursing report of 2010 called for the increase in the number of bachelor-prepared nurses in the workforce to be at 80% by 2020 (American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 2015). The goal is to encourage nurses to achieve higher education and seek lifelong learning. Lifelong learning, however, goes beyond advanced degrees, required CEU

Managing Overtime Worked in the Workplace Free Essays

string(153) " only alternative to this situation is to have employees already present complete their assignments and pitch in to help deliver the vacant assignments\." In the following report, I will be give illustrations and possible solutions for an overburdening problem that exists in the U.S. Postal service Operations throughout the country. We will write a custom essay sample on Managing Overtime Worked in the Workplace or any similar topic only for you Order Now Overtime is an age-old problem that has gone long overdue without someone or a group paying serious attention to correcting this problem. The United States Postal Service is a large organization with many facets of operations; I will be concentrating on what we call the Field Operation or Area Office. This is where the public comes into personal contact with the Postal Service either by way of the individual letter carrier (mailman) or the window clerk who assists with business transacted at the post office. Every community across America has a Post Office. We are one of the most visible employers in the world. The U.S. Postal Service employs approximately 750 thousand diverse people. Many different cultures and nationalities come together to combine as an efficient workforce that gets the job done. The pay is moderate, so it would be pretty difficult to become independently wealthy working for the Postal Service. But, there are some employees that believe if they work, as much overtime as possible, maybe they can become rich. Unfortunately, this poses a daily obstacle to overcome for most managers in the U.S. Postal Service. The U.S. Postal Service is a production driven outfit therefore; everything is based on production verses cost ratio. The average workday for a postal employee is eight hours. It does not take a genius to figure out that the longer it takes to do the job, the more money is made. So, the employee that desires more money would be motivated to take longer to complete his or her assigned task(s). Historically, the Postal Service has been plagued with managers that were not diligent in doing their jobs with regard to overtime management. Because of this clusters of employees became accustomed to a Carte Blanche style of working. Employees were in effect managing the overtime and work production. During my career as a letter carrier, I completed my assigned tasks within my eight-hour shift working overtime only when deemed necessary by my manger. When I became a manager, I expected everyone who worked for me to have the same work ethics that I had. If this was not case, I attempted to force them to work as hard as I did. I later found out that this was not a good management approach. In fact, this was the easiest way to harvest disgruntle employees. Here was my dilemma; I was the new young manager who expected an honest day†s work, for an honest day’s pay, paired with a staff that had been allowed to do whatever they wanted for the past ten years. The office of my first management assignment had 90 percent of the employees working an average of 10-16 hours of overtime per week. My performance as a manager as well as well as the production performance for our office was based on the amount of manpower hours used to deliver the total volume of mail. I will present information about the systems put in place that worked as a check and balance format. These systems enabled me to demonstrate to my employees that my requests were not unfair or unreasonable. I will discuss the areas that the employees were able to assist in helping to aleve the excessive use of overtime. I will also discuss in detail areas that contributed to the excessive use of overtime that did not involve my employees. With implementation of the new systems, my office has reduced its overtime to 14 percent.    While controlling overtime may seem as easy as just making an announcement â€Å"that no one is allowed to work overtime†; this is very far from true in the U.S. Postal Service area offices. There are many variables that come into play, the first of which is staffing. In order to do a good job; the office must be properly staffed. We have percentage breakdowns that factor in amounts of carrier routes; amounts of deliveries per zip code that derives to an employee complement. Each office has a number that satisfies their complement. If for any reason a particular office is operating under their complement that makes the task a more difficult. Any office can be fine one week and short the next, due to retirement, injuries, or details to name a few. If any of the aforementioned were to occur a manager could request replacement for these employees, whether they will be granted or not is another story. Then we have the day-in day-out mystery of who will call in on sick leave. Having any of these instances to take place in a given day can simply cripple an operation. If we take a carrier operation anywhere in the world that has 35 city carrier routes and 4 carriers call in sick on a Monday, that manager now has to scramble to get coverage for those four vacant routes. It is not like other organizations where your work can carry over by one day; the mail must be delivered daily without exception. This makes it difficult to get the work done in an eight–hour day for the remaining employees. The first thing the manager must do is to telephone four employees who would normally have the day off and ask them to come in and work their day off. Bare in mind that the U.S. Postal Service has something called an Overtime Desired List, a voluntary list of employees who wish to work overtime on assignments. When the manager telephones employees to come in on their day off, he must first call those on the Overtime Desired List. If the manager does not get four employees from the list, he may then exercise the option to call employees not on the Overtime Desired List. The only alternative to this situation is to have employees already present complete their assignments and pitch in to help deliver the vacant assignments. You read "Managing Overtime Worked in the Workplace" in category "Essay examples" The advantage of this situation is that it allows you to minimize your overtime usage for the day. If the manager was able to get four employees from the Overtime Desired List to come he has automatically used 32 hours of overtime for that day. By having employees already present work additional hours, you are able to use far less overtime for that day. This is an area I feel managers need to stress to their bosses so that all efforts are exhausted in hiring more employees for offices to operate under their complement. The earlier mentioned example could have been avoided had that office been properly staffed. A fully complemented office would have unassigned employees who would have been given those assignments for the day avoiding the need for overtime. In order to be a successful office you must be fully complemented. When I was finally able to get my office fully complemented my overtime was reduced by 10% – 30% as shown in the graph below. The U.S. Postal Service has another formula that we use to gauge an employee†s production. There is a standard based on demonstrated ability. We can not hold Carrier A to Carrier B†s standards. This formula is for sorting letters and flats (magazines, newspapers, etc.). The formula allows 1 hour to sort 2 feet of letter mail. This is 2 linear feet, 2 linear feet equals 454 pieces of letter mail or 230 pieces of flat mail. So in order to standardize an employee the manager must count out 2 feet of mail, letters or flats, and calculate the amount of time it takes the employee to sort this mail. The average carrier has no problem at all meeting this quota, but there are those who attempt to outsmart their managers. If the manager is not focused on them during the sorting period there are those carriers who have the tendency to leave their areas to socialize among their coworkers, or â€Å"slow sort† their mail. The longer it takes a carrier to sort his mail, the longer it takes that carrier to get out of the office on the street to deliver this mail, making this same carrier late in returning from his assignment guaranteeing this carrier overtime for the day. You multiply this by several carriers in one office daily and you come up with an unaccountable amount of overtime usage as a manager. This affects your production numbers for the office as a whole. This where a manager has to jump in and approach the individual carriers immediately. As a manager I that this has happen to, I have approached the individual and asked some very basic questions to make certain that there are no health or personal issues going on with the carrier affecting their productivity. If nothing out of the ordinary exists, I point out that they are not meeting their productivity quota and make certain suggestions to assist them in meeting their quota. There are those times when you are challenged as a manager to verify your findings. When those situations arise, I go out and measure, with the carrier present, the actual number of feet of mail for them to sort and time them sorting this mail. Once you demonstrate to your employees that you are only expecting from them what is minimally required, and that you will hold them accountable for just that you run into this type of problem less and less. Another major contributor to overtime usage is the actual mail flow itself. Most days this is not a problem, but when it is a problem it is usually a big problem. In Northern Virginia we have two mail distribution centers, one in Merrifield and one in Dulles. For the Falls Church Post Offices, we receive our mail from Merrifield. Each morning we receive 3 dispatches of mail from 6:00 a.m. to 8:30 a.m. When these dispatches are on time everything runs smoothly, but when these dispatches are late an office goes from running smoothly to being hectic. One of the main reasons for a delayed dispatch is the mechanical failure of a mail-processing machine in Merrifield. In preparing itself for the new millenium, the U.S. Postal Service Distribution Centers are equipped with high-tech automated mail processing machines that do the job of ten employees sorting mail. In the event of a mechanical failure, one of our dispatches can be delayed by 1 – 2 hours. This 1 – 2 hour delay is passed along to my operation in 1 – 2 hours of down time for my carriers while they are waiting for their mail to deliver. That equals approximately 1 –2 hours of unforeseen overtime per employee that day. As demonstrated in the graph below this is a large usage of overtime for an entire office when calculated. The combination of mail volume and properly scheduled mail dispatches is critical in minimizing overtime. In closing, I would suggest that as we approach a new millenium the U.S. Postal Service would be better served by doing away with some of the older ways of thinking. The Overtime Desired List should be dismantled. This forces managers to go outside of the employees already present for work as a first solution to a vacant assignment list. To me this encourages overtime usage. I would also suggest for offices receiving mail dispatches late at least 3 times a week to move their scheduled time for mail receipt back and bring their carriers in a little later to accommodate for the dispatch schedules. For example if an office has consistently been receiving their dispatches an hour late, instead of having the carriers report to work at 6:30 a.m. they would move the carriers reporting times up to 7:30 a.m. instead eliminating that hour of downtime per person that they are losing. How to cite Managing Overtime Worked in the Workplace, Essay examples

Influence of Men on Sarahs Development in the End of the Affair

Authored by Graham Greene, The End of the Affair is a fascinating must-read play featuring three major characters namely Maurice Bendrix, Sarah and Henry who help him criticize the conspiracies existing in relationships. Bendrix is a â€Å"middle aged bachelor who meets Sarah and Henry while beginning to write a new book† (Almeida Para.1). Henry, on the other hand, works with the British government as a civil servant.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Influence of Men on Sarah’s Development in the End of the Affair specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More He is also the husband to Sarah. Sarah indulges in multi-relationships with men. She quickly forms a relationship with Bendrix, who becomes a slave of her love. Unfortunately, their love does not last. â€Å"One day, they survive a bombing during WWII. When she discovers that he is alive, she tells him that the affair is over† (Almeida Para.1). Her de cision is final, as she vows never to turn back to Maurice. Bendrix, on the other hand, does not heed to this decision. He encounters Henry in the city who fears that his wife is seeing someone else. Although, people can influence others in a positive way, the paper reveals how Sarah’s involvements with the two key characters: Henry and Bendrix, had negative impacts. Sarah’s involvement with Henry substantially impairs her perceptions about men to the extent that she results into adultery. Unaware of Maurice’s involvement with his wife, Henry â€Å"invites Maurice for a drink, expressing his worries that Sarah might be having an affair with someone† (Almeida Para.2). Upon realizing this, Maurice decides to hire an investigator who confirms the fears expressed by Henry. However, on realizing that Maurice had hired an investigator, Henry also gets clues that Maurice could have been priory involved with his wife. The setting of The End of the Affair takes pl ace when England was recovering from aftermaths of the Second World War. Right from the onset of the play, encounters of an unhappy couple, Henry and Sarah, are evident. In the course of their relationship, things roll from excellent to sour. The two separate. Henry admits his irresponsibility as a husband: He is not a first-class and true lover to his wife Sarah. Henry’s inability to play her marital obligations plays a significant role in making Sarah become unfaithful to him. This inability also contributes to her engagement in short term affairs. Sarah and Bendrix meet in 1939. The novelist Bendrix comes in to fulfill the function that Henry leaves unfulfilled.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The two profess to engage in an undying love for each other. As Berardinelli notes, â€Å"Henry worked long hours on the war effort, Maurice and Sarah spent time in Mauriceà ¢â‚¬â„¢s flat. But on a night, when Maurice was seriously wounded in a German air raid, the relationship abruptly ended† (Para.2). As a way of reiterating, Bendrix denounces his earlier promises for undying love. Instead, he substitutes them with hatred, which she immensely directs to Sarah. Perhaps borrowing from her experience with Henry, Sarah believes in true love for Bendrix. In fact, she says, â€Å"All today Maurice has been sweet to me†¦He tells me often that he has never loved another woman so much† (Greene 46). Sarah clearly comes out to express what guides her love. She has had experience in the past with Henry, a man who is still her husband. Nevertheless, this experience has influenced her development quite negatively. She cannot trust words from a man who proclaims to love her irrespective of the number of times he utters them. The fact that she loves a man makes her believe in his love. She says, â€Å"If I stopped loving him, I would cease to belie ve in his love† (Greene 46). Expressing love in words would have no good to her, as men say them jokingly. Sarah deviates from the belief that love can exist between two people without physical contact based on her experience with Bendrix. Bendrix’s perception about love erodes Sarah’s perceptions about the same to the extent that the two spend some intimate time in his flat where they engaged in sex. Sarah’s involvement with men, particularly Henry and Bendrix, inculcates an enormous feeling of insecurity in her. Consequently, she indulges in new relationships without considering quitting the previous ones. In this regard, she reckons, â€Å"I have always wanted to be liked or admired. I feel a terrible insecurity if a man turns on me if I love a friend. I do not even want to lose a husband. I want everything, all the time, everywhere† (Greene 55). Although, she appreciates that love entails exploration of an unknown world. She has an incredible fe ar to explore and go through unknown encounters alone. She must seek an attachment elsewhere. Henry acts as a man who provides security to Sarah in case the new pursuits go haywire. In case she ends into extra marital affairs, she always goes back to him as she looks for another relationship. When she leaves Bendrix, she gets to yet another affair with a man by the name Richard Smythe while still maintaining Henry as her husband. This perhaps indicates that Sarah does not intend to take chances that are evidently unpredictable in the world of love. Sarah’s involvement with Henry shaped her attitudes towards men in such a way that she doubts their genuineness when they proclaim to love a woman. For instance, Sarah claims, â€Å"It is a strange thing to discover and believe that you are loved, when you know that there is nothing in you for anybody but a parent or a God to love† (Greene 70).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Influence of Men on Sarahà ¢â‚¬â„¢s Development in the End of the Affair specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Sarah, therefore, the only true love that a woman can be sure of is the one between her and God. For her, love has no boundaries and ends. It can continue to exist even if the two persons who were once engaged move apart and cease to contact each other. Unfortunately, men such as Bendrix, who Sarah has had their love experience, believe that â€Å"some physical intimacy is necessarily† (Berardinelli Para. 4). He cannot believe in something that he cannot smell, feel, see, taste or even hear. Sarah’s involvement with him presents two incongruent perceptions about love. This confirmed Bendrix’s beliefs. It fails to honor what Sarah believes about love. In fact, Bendrix declares that he â€Å"would rather be dead or see you dead than see you with another man† (Greene 23). However, their love turns out sour when the two separate for years. Bendrix’s involvement with Sarah had the consequences of shaping Sarah’s belief about love that prompted her to consider propagating acts unfaithfulness. He evidently had involved himself in numerous relationships, which were promiscuous in nature. Bendrix confirms his promiscuity when he says, â€Å"It was as if quite suddenly after all the promiscuous years I had grown up. My passion for Sarah had killed simple lust forever. Never again would I enjoy a woman without love† (Greene 46). It would widely possess some substance to argue that Sarah could not entirely and solely trust Bendrix. Bendrix past affairs ended without signals. Sarah would only end up deceiving herself that her relationship with Bendrix would last forever. Bendrix exemplifies this fact when he says, â€Å"†¦when I tried to remember her voice saying ‘don’t worry,’ I found I had no memory for sounds. When I tried to remember it, it was anonymous â €“ just a woman’s voice† (Greene 119). It is clear that Bendrix was set to forget Sarah since the breaking of their connectivity. Sarah says, â€Å"I’ve only made two promises in my life. One was to marry Henry; the other is to stop seeing you. And I’m too weak to keep either† (Greene 71). Sarah believed in true love that does not end even when people break contacts. However, her involvement with Bendrix may have widely contributed to the changing of this perception. Sarah, who believed in true love, also left him for unclear reasons. In conclusion, The End of the Affair is a masterwork that presents the influence that people can have on others. Sarah is such an illustration of women negatively influenced by two men: Bendrix and Henry. The author presents the physical and spiritual components of love in an intriguing way. He explores on the theme of adultery coupled with intimacies and jealous associated with it. To accomplish this, the influenc e of men on Sarah’s development is a recurring topic. By scrutinizing Bendrix and Henry’s involvement with Sarah, the paper declares the influence negative towards the Sarah’s cognitive development in issues pertaining to love.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Works Cited Almeida, Tony. Plot Summary of the End of Affair, 2010. Web. Berardinelli, James. The End of the Affair Film Review, 1999. Web. http://www.reelviews.net/movies/e/end_affair.html. Greene, Graham. The End of the Affair. London: Heinemann Publishers, 1951. This essay on Influence of Men on Sarah’s Development in the End of the Affair was written and submitted by user An0le to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

John Rawls Ethical Theory Essay Essays

John Rawls Ethical Theory Essay Essays John Rawls Ethical Theory Essay Paper John Rawls Ethical Theory Essay Paper On February 21 on the twelvemonth 1921 a adult male who’s in the hereafter will be regarded as a outstanding philosopher John Rawls in Baltimore Maryland was born. He graduated in Kent School in 1939 ; Rawls completed BA at Princeton University and received in here his Ph. D. in 1950. Great American Political Philosopher John Rawls was extremely considered as an of import individual at the clip. as the most outstanding liberalisms’ advocator. He was besides working as a Professor at Harvard University in his field of expertness. in the field of Political Doctrine. Rawls’ theory that frequently calls â€Å"justice as fairness† and its constructs presented in 1971 Theory of Justice. his primary published book. He is besides the Godhead of 1993 Political Liberalism that means typical things into different people and The Law of Peoples in 1999. It presents a non-historical or conjectural fluctuation on the societal contract theory. In the said theory. it declares that agents are doing a balanced and rational societal determination following a certain regulation at the rear of â€Å"veil of ignorance† . The said theory makes them able to forestall from cognizing in advancement what status and class they will keep. Rawls proclaimed that this method will be good for all the citizens for it will certainly bring forth a society in which the freedom of everyone embracing and their independency will be practiced. His announcement besides emphasized that this will maximise for the full state and societal disparity will merely go on when the fortunes prove that it will profit a least favorite components. In brief. what he has done is to unite the really strong rule of societal and economic equality. In the issue entitled â€Å"When is making a turnover state of affairs the right thing to do† . the writer. â€Å"MEK† . tells the narrative an employee who is truly making rather good in the occupation. However. it is besides said that the employer of the said employee although willing to maintain him for the occupation. is non willing and interested in doing such investing for the development of the employee’s calling. â€Å"MEK† besides tells his narrative in sing his past employer. In order to understand the state of affairs allow me foremost give a sum-up of the narrative. MEK one time work as a displacement supervisor in a certain company. By that clip. the operations director is truly skilled non merely in the occupation but as a leader excessively. After some clip. the displacement director was promoted go forthing MEK in charge of the vacant place. MEK works as moving operations director for about 4 months and it can be said that he is making a great occupation with addition in the gross revenues and low turnovers during his clip as the operations director. Suddenly. after more than 160 yearss of working in the said place. it is said that he is to be replace by fresh alumnus of BA grade. The said replacing had perfectly no experience in running a concern. MEK is even asked to develop the individual who is to replace him. Therefore. MEK was in actuality disturbance and decided non to work in the company to any farther extent. The presence of ethical issue can be seen in this narrative. And this presence of issue can be resolved and accomplished utilizing a construct formulated by John Rawls in what appear to us and popularly known as the â€Å"justice of fairness† . Harmonizing to Rawls. two conditions must be satisfied for societal and economic inequalities. First. just equality of chance must be given when it comes to places and every bit good as offices that are frequently to all who can be considered under status. Second. it has to profit those that are considered least advantage member of the society. Using Rawls’s construct in the instance of MEK. it can be said that MEK has the right remain as the operation director of the said company. It can be said that MEK was non given equal chance because the company based their determination on the educational attainment of the person ( which is the chief footing for most companies ) . something that MEK lacks. However. MEK had proven that although he does non hold a BA grade. he is still able to make the occupation. Therefore. using Rawls construct in the state of affairs. it would had been in good will and favour of MEK. Aside from what had been mentioned earlier. there had besides been several constructs of Rawls that are considered of great value and importance in political doctrine. It is believed that John Rawls made an of import part in the said field. Rawls’s work non merely attracted the attending of those who are interested and are in the field of doctrine but many other Fieldss as good such as political scientist. economic expert and even legal bookmans and theologists. This lone proves that his political orientation is good known and regarded as one of the best if non the best. Among all of the plants of Rawls. his books of Justice as equity. his original place. the brooding equilibrium. Rawls’ overlapping consensus. and public dealingss are the 1s that had been given and receive extended attendings. Rawls is regarded as alone among political philosophers in the modern-day clip. Ethical motives involves the survey of norms and values in peculiar action cognizing what is right or incorrect and the effects of it weather bad or good and character virtuousness and this patterns are importance in the Fieldss of administration every bit good as in concern universe. Ethical motives purpose was to supply a systematic explanatory history and enquiry that the people may really hold. The usage of moralss in concern and authorities universe besides imply public policy as a manner of equilibrating or weighing relevant considerations normally identified by rules of common usage. In my personal sentiment. I besides believe that in today’s concern and authorities universe survey of moralss is of great value. In concern. moralss examined moral and ethical jobs that can originate and take it’s topographic point in a concern environment. Through this survey. they will able to follow how the corporations behavior concern. keep both within and outside workers of the company. Through this company can beef up its relationship with the employees how they can pull off and handle every member the right and most effectual manner. or workplace moralss. they can besides explicate a proper administration. and do policies. determination devising. allow techniques and understanding single behaviour. In the instance of administration. it creates a leading procedure and societal duty to be able to administrate and treat the system. And so the administration for the organisation. like a authorities would include such common characteristic such as a clear mission. a good duty. answerability. transparence. stewardship. flexibleness. representation and most of all they may get success. The fulfilment of the organisations mission is a paramount concern be it to do net incomes make good plants or act as a authorities.

Dorothea Dix Quotes

Dorothea Dix Quotes Dorothea Dix, an activist who served in the Civil War as Superintendent of Female Nurses, also worked for reform of treatment for the mentally ill. Selected Dorothea Dix Quotes I think even lying on my bed I can still do something. [attributed, possibly incorrectly] The tapestry of history has no point at which you can cut it and leave the design intelligible. In a world where there is so much to be done, I felt strongly impressed that there must be something for me to do.   I come to present the strong claims of suffering humanity. I come to place before the Legislature of Massachusetts the condition of the miserable, the desolate, the outcast. I come as the advocate of helpless, forgotten, insane men and women; of beings sunk to a condition from which the unconcerned world would start with real horror. Society, during the last hundred years, has been alternately perplexed and encouraged, respecting the two great questions - how shall the criminal and pauper be disposed of, in order to reduce crime and reform the criminal on the one hand, and, on the other, to diminish pauperism and restore the pauper to useful citizenship? [Remarks on Prisons and Prison Discipline in the United States]   Moderate employment, moderate exercise, as much freedom as is consistent with the safety of the patient, and as little apparent anxious watchfulness with cheerful society should be sought.   This sentiment of satisfaction in being useful, the guardian of the insane cannot too carefully watch over and foster since it conducts to self-control and self-respect. Incurables who are able and willing to work, are much more contented and enjoy better health when employed. If County Jails must be resorted to for security against the dangerous propensities of madmen, let such use of prison-rooms and dungeons be but temporary.   I admit that public peace and security are seriously endangered by the non-restraint of the maniacal insane. I consider it in the highest degree improper that they should be allowed to range the towns and country without care or guidance; but this does not justify the public in any State or community, under any circumstances or conditions, in committing the insane to prisons; in a majority of cases the rich may be, or are sent to Hospitals; the poor under the pressure of this calamity, have the same just claim upon the public treasury, as the rich have upon the private purse of their family as they have the need, so have they the right to share the benefits of Hospital treatment.   A man usually values that most for which he has labored; he uses that most frugally which he has toiled hour by hour and day by day to acquire. While we diminish the stimulant of fear, we must increase to prisoners the incitements of hope: in proportion as we extinguish the terrors of the law, we should awaken and strengthen the control of the conscience. [emphasis in original] Man is not made better by being degraded; he is seldom restrained from crime by harsh measures, except the principle of fear predominates in his character; and then he is never made radically better for its influence.

Marketing Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing - Case Study Example The climbs are segmented as ‘the express climb’, ‘the discovery climb’ and ‘the bridge climb’ (Bridgeclimb, n.d.). While doing so the company has also added many feathers to its cap. One such feat achieved by the company is to get its name enlisted in the Guinness book of world records for making most flags flown on the Sydney Bridge (Worldrecordsacademy, 2008). Market Market plays the most pivotal role for a company to successfully demeanor it business. Market consists of a cluster of users who exhibits some similar requirements and desires. In other words a market is set of possible buyers of a product and service (Allen, Macy & Hutchison, 2009, p.21). Therefore for a company to perform its operation effectively in the market place it needs to segment its intended market appropriately (Croft, 1994, p.1). In the context of Bridge climb Sydney their main market lies with the adventure tourism group. The market also lies with those persons who li ke elevation and high altitudes from the ground but not adventurous. The company also has its market scattered all over the world, as visitors from different part of the world arrives to experience it. Segmentation Market segmentation can be defined as the way by which the companies segments the market into various subgroups based on the similar characteristics of the consumer (Bose, 2004, p.513). There are many available alternatives for segmenting the market such as geographic segmentation, demographic segmentation and psychographic segmentation among many others. These day’s companies design their goods and services based on the needs of consumers. Therefore marketing segmentation and market targeting is considered as an essential and central element of marketing activities (Kamakura & Wedel, 2000, p.3). The concept of marketing segmentation helps in understanding the needs of consumers more effectively than its competitors. However on the other hand market targeting is ba sed upon the segmentation and its decision to cater to that segment (Clemente, 2002, p.253). Therefore in the context of the company, segmentation can be done on the basis of geography i.e. the location of the consumers. The geographical segmentation can be used for segmenting the tourist from different countries and accordingly offering products and prices for them. The customers which exhibit adventurous and exploration attitudes are one of the major segments of the company. Apart from that bases of segmentation the company can even undergo niche market segmentation strategy for segmenting the market. This will also reduce the number of competitors for the company. Now according to the services offered by the company the segmentation can be regular visitors, adventurous visitors. The company needs to target adventurous travelers who will surely avail the opportunities. For adventurous travelers the company can cater them by offering ‘discovery climb’ and ‘bridge climb’. These ultimate climbs will surely satisfy the needs of those customers. And for targeting the regular visitors the company can make use of ‘express climb’, which is also conducted in a short period. Therefore the market can be segmented into regular and adventurous visitors. Some of the strategies which can be undertaken by the company for targeting adventurous customer group are as follows:- Product Strategy: - A product strategy is a pivotal function of the company. It resides at the heart of a company’

Textual analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Textual analysis - Essay Example In Chapters I-6 in Section IV, the topic of discussion was filled with the idea of how the soldier should distance himself from the enemy so that he will not hesitate to kill. This topic in turn affected how Grossman wrote the book as spoke about killing casually and objectively just like his argument s in the book. For example, he talked about the predisposition of a killer as a matter of fact to the point of being casual. In this instance, he hid under the blanket of studies to make the discussion impersonal and seemingly objective and achieve an emotional distance that enabled his book to carry the argument of Ben Shalit saying; â€Å"To me they were less than animals†. Increasing the distance between the combatants – whether by emphasizing their differences or by increasing the chain of responsibility between the aggressor and his victim allows for an increase in the degree of aggression – Ben Shalit. There are also several concepts in the book that have affected Grossman’s writing style to be distant and detached. These concepts are authority or the proximity and intensity of a demanding leader to the subject that is viewed legitimately makes an individual or soldier operational to kill. Next is through the group absolution whereby the individual feel less guilty to kill when a legitimate group has a support for the kill. The distance of the victim of which Grossman has inadvertently adopted in the writing style of the book which fell under two categories of moral distance and mechanical distance. Moral distance is the vilification of the enemy that justifies vindictive action while mechanical distance reduces the act of killing to a sterile video game, thermal sight, sniper sight or other kind of mechanical buffer that detaches the killer from his victim. In the same manner that he talked about killing as a distant and unemotional thing as best

EU Competition Law and Economics

EU Competition Law and Economics Discuss the use of terms drawn from economics in the jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice, which relate to the interpretation of Articles 101 and 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. Examine, in particular the role such terms play in the legal argument. This essay will examine the economic theories, both from a classical point of view and neo-classical to determine the underpinnings of competition law. Through the works of Adam Smith regarding monopolies in the Wealth of Nations[1] and John Stuart Mill through his theories on restraints of trade in On Liberty[2] this will demonstrate some economic objectives in pursuing laws regarding competition law. This will be supplanted with the neo-classical theories that have given more reasons through economic terms for laws regarding competition. This will provide a bedrock for an analysis of Articles 101 and 102 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU), which have been noted as the two principal Articles dealing with competition law in the European Union (EU).[3] The fundamental reason for having competition law in the EU is to allow for a flourishing free market and to ensure that corporate enterprises do not have undue influence or dominance in the market or even thr ough political influence.[4] This analysis of Articles 101 and 102 of the TFEU through the cases that have come through the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) will be looked at through the prism of the economic theories that have been outlined. By looking at it through that prism, it will allow for a determination in terms of whether the role of the economic terms are brought into the legal arguments. It has been suggested that the lawyers and the economics are co-pilots of the competition law aeroplane[5] and this essay will determine whether that is true by looking at the economic theories and the cases through the EU framework on competition law. Economic Theory and Competition Law Prior to delving into how competition law has adopted economic terms and theories, it is imperative to understand how economics operates vis-Ã  -vis competition law. The classical economic theories, as noted by John Stuart Mill state that it is through competition that the political economy can have a scientific basis through which wages, rent and prices can be regulated. Whilst Mill does not provide a definition on what he meant by competition his theory on what laws surrounding competition could achieve were indicative. Smith took this further in Wealth of Nations when he stated it is the right of every man to enter into competition with any other man insofar as it does not violate the laws of justice and the idea of competition was to ensure that those in business bought dearer and sold for cheaper rather than having a monopoly with the opposite occurring. This theory was noted as a statement of perfect competition. This demonstrates the classical theories that exist but as time as gone on there have been neo-classical theories that give more defined responses. In terms of the neo-classical theories, the USA has seemingly stated that competition law should be interpreted solely through what the theories in economics dictate;[6] however, this is questioned in the EU structures. The competing views in the EU look at the efficiencies as well as other concerns such as the environment and the effect on employment.[7] In terms of taking into account the outcome of having perfect competition, it has been stated that allocative and productive efficiency is achieved which leads to the maximisation of social welfare.[8] In terms of allocative efficiency this is an economic term that means the resources will be allocated to different goods and services but will be divided insofar as it remains privately profitable to do so.[9] The second is that of productive efficiency which means that goods and services in society will be produced at the lowest cost.[10] In this regard, competition is seen as beneficial for the productive efficiency because if monop olies exist then it is likely that they will be high cost producers and they can pass that on to the consumer.[11] A third efficiency has been put forward that explains the need for competition, that being dynamic efficiency which cannot be accurately proved[12] but states that competition allows for products to be developed and created to gain the custom of consumers. This theory, in all but name, had been put forward by Smith when he stated that competition allows for new improvements of art[13] showing that this efficiency has long been spoken of. This has been questioned as monopolies have the money to carry out research[14] and where there are monopolies others will try to intervene to get their custom.[15] On this basis, how the EU and CJEU have dealt with situations where monopolies arise must be examined to determine whether the economic terms have led to the decision that has been made. Article 101 TFEU In terms of Article 101 of the TFEU, this is designed to ensure that restrictive practices are deemed incompatible with the common market. The restrictions that are placed on undertakings, which cover all entities that are involved in business,[16] have been seen to be circumvented for a number of reasons. In the case of Wouters Others v Algemene Raad van de Nederlandse Orde van Advocaten[17]it was held that despite a restriction on the legal profession, it was pursuing a legitimate objective in ensuring proper legal practice and therefore was allowed. It has been noted that this idea of a legitimate objective will stay within the competition law of the EU,[18] however, it is what constitutes a legitimate objective that can have implications for economic terms being used in the CJEU. In terms of a finding a legitimate objective, it has been noted that it is not necessary to look at the economic and non-economic objectives as they often go hand in hand.[19] In cases involving profess ional services such as Wouters and other cases such as Asnef Equifax[20]it was noted that the CJEU took into account the issue of information asymmetry whereby despite the fact that there is a restriction on competition which could increase the cost the consumer, the quality will go up which is especially prevalent in professional services.[21] These decisions tend to go against the productive efficiency in that the cost will go up by allowing increased restriction on trade in professional services, however, the allocative efficiency would be seen to improve as the quality given to the consumer improves. This demonstrates that Article 101 of the TFEU has taken the economic viewpoint into account in ensuring that the Treaty does not act rigidly vis-Ã  -vis competition law. The mechanism of Article 101 has not completely followed the economic arguments and this is seen with cases involving free riders. This was seen in the case of Consten and Grundig v Commission[22]which involved Consten who was to be the exclusive distributor in France of Grundig electrical goods with the effect that free riders, who would wait for Consten to promote the goods before then selling the Grundig electrical goods at a lower price than Consten.[23] The free rider economic system has been allowed in the United States of America in the case of Continental TV v GTE Sylvania[24] on the basis that it was economically sound. However, this was rejected in Consten on the basis that the fundamental objective of the EU plan is to have greater integration within the single market and not just to increase consumer protection and welfare.[25] Indeed, in the more recent case this viewpoint was reaffirmed in the case of GlaxoSmithKline v Commission[26]where the guidance from the EU was co nsidered and it was noted that companies are not allowed to establish private barriers within the single market of the EU.[27] These decisions from the CJEU demonstrate that whilst the economic considerations have to be taken into account, they are secondary to the fundamental aim of the EU project to have ever closer Union[28] and to ensure that there are no private barriers within the single market. To compare this to the co-pilot analogy at the beginning of this essay, these decisions would suggest that the policy makers of the EU are the pilots and the lawyer and economist are mere passengers. It must be noted that Article 101 has a defence mechanism at 101(3) which is primarily based on the economic considerations that have been outlined. This defence is for a defendant to prove but all agreements made are eligible to qualify under Article 101(3) if the requirements are met.[29] The requirements state that technical and economic progress must be improved which links with the dynamic efficiency theory of competition law economics.[30] The other requirements involve not eliminating competition on the market as well as ensuring that consumers receive a fair share of the benefits from the agreement. This ties in with Smiths theory on monopolies and improving the market through competition laws as well as the allocative and productive efficiencies noted in the more neo-classical theories regarding economics and competition law. Indeed, this defence under Article 101(3) has been given a wide interpretation as seen in CECED[31]where the economic efficiencies were central to the judgment in declaring that the environmental benefits had to be looked at in terms of their effect on the consumer.[32] As this defence is couched in terms that are readily identifiable with the economic theories, it demonstrates that the economic terms have a huge role in competition law within the EU. Article 102 TFEU In terms of Article 102 of the TFEU, its whole basis is in economic terms as it is designed to stop dominance and abuse. The use of the term dominance in economics is deemed to be wider than that of a monopoly[33] and is a position of economic strength that prevents effective competition being maintained.[34] This type of dominance goes beyond just a single entity and the CJEU can look at more than one economic enterprise to see whether there is dominance, with what is known as collective dominance.[35] In this regard, the economic term of collective dominance and dominance generally was indicative in the case of Italian Flat Case to show that there was a breach of Article 102.[36] The second economic term alongside dominance in Article 102 is that of abuse, which is where a dominant entity can use its economic strength to obtain more benefits that it would have if it was a smaller entity.[37] The use of economic terms in Article 102 cases can be seen when abuse is discussed. Article 102 makes reference to unfair prices but the CJEU has looked beyond this to see situations where there has been predatory pricing[38] and excessive pricing that look at economic terms in terms of how undertakings with great economic strength may attempt to price their competitors out of the market.[39] This tends to demonstrate that there are some economic terms that are used not only in Article 102 itself but also by the CJEU in its interpretation of the Article. However, this view has not been completely replicated across the spectrum. The use of the economic terms in invoking Article 102 has been seen as haphazard[40] and this can be seen through the cases where there has been some reliance on economic terms such as predatory pricing noted above but there are others where it has been based more on the legal concepts such as where there is commission attached for selling a certain brand.[41] In this regard, when Article 102 is looked at solely it can be seen that it is couched in economic terms such as dominance and others have come in through cases such as predatory pricing but when it is compared to its counterpart, Article 101, the effect of economics on its interpretation has not been as widespread.[42] Accordingly, when it comes to the aeroplane analogy with Article 102 it is very much that the lawyer takes the chief pilots role whereas the economist operates as a co-pilot that attempts to bolster any legal arguments that have been made. Conclusion This essay has examined EU Competition Law to determine whether the role of economics or law is prevailing in its application. The economic theories, both classical and neo-classical, demonstrate that the basis for competition law is allowing a free market to ensure that the consumers are able to receive products at a low price and other individuals are able to compete with the larger firms. In relation to Article 101 it can be seen through the use of legitimate aim and the defence given in Article 101(3) that the economic terms have a great role to play in how the case would be decided by the CJEU. However, as noted with the free rider cases such as Consten it is readily identifiable that the economics will only be taken into account after the fundamental aim of the EU, that being ever closer Union, is dealt with. This shows that the economic terms as well as the legal terms are very much secondary to the fundamental aims of the EU project. When the policy issue is put to one side, it can be seen that the economic terms and the legal terms in deciding a competition law case under Article 101 are co-pilots ensuring that the correct decision is made. In terms of Article 102, the use of economics has not been as prevalent as with Article 101 but this is largely due to the fact that there is a lack of a general theme. Perhaps as the law develops vis-Ã  -vis Article 102, the economic terms will have a greater role to play. Bibliography Legislation Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union Cases Akzo Chemie BV v Commission [1991] ECR I-3395 Asnef Equifax Servicios de Informacion sobre Solvencia y Credito SL v Asociacion de Usuarios de Servicios Bancarios [2006] ECR I-11125 British Airways Plc v Commission [2007] ECR I-2331 CECED [2000] OJ L187/47 Consten and Grundig v Commission [1966] ECR 299 Continental TV v GTE Sylvania (1977) 433 US 36 GlaxoSmithKline v Commission [2009] ECR I-9291 Klaus Hofner Fritz Esler v Macrotron GmbH [1991] ECR I-1979 Matra Hachette v Commission [1994] ECR II-595 PPG Vernante Pennitalia Spa v Commission [1992] ECR II-1403 United Brands Company v Commission [1978] ECR 207 Wouters Others v Algemene Raad van de Nederlandse Orde van Advocaten [2002] ECR I-1577 Books Akman P, The Concept of Abuse in EU Competition Law: Law and Economic Approaches (Bloomsbury 2015) Bork RH, The Antitrust paradox (The Free Press, 1978) Chalmers D, Davies G Monti G, European Union Law (2nd edn, CUP 2010) Jacobs K (ed), Effective Standardization Management in Corporate Settings (IGI Global, 2010) Galbraith, American Capitalism: The Concept of Countervailing Power (Houghton Mifflin, 1952) Huerta de Soto J, The Theory of Dynamic Efficiency (Routledge 2009) Jones A Sufrin B, EU Competition Law: Text, Cases and Materials (6th edn, OUP 2016) Kaczorowska A, European Union Law (Routledge 2008) Kaczorowska-Ireland A, Competition Law in the CARICOM Single Market and Economy (Routledge 2012) Mill JS, On Liberty (Vail-Ballou Press, 2003) Scherer Ross, Industrial Market Structure and Economic Performance (3rd edn, Houghton Mifflin, 1990) Schulze R, An Introduction to European Law (2nd edn, CUP 2015) Schumpter, Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy (Taylor Francis, 1976) Smith A, An Enquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (Penguin, 1999) Whish R Bailey D, Competition Law (8th edn, OUP 2015) Articles Apostolakis I, E-Commerce and Free Rider Considerations Under Article 101 TFEU (2016) ECLR 114 Ibanez Colomo P, Market Failures, Transaction Costs and Article 101(1) TFEU Case Law (2012) 37(5) ELR 541 Janssen C Kloosterhuis E, The Wouters Case Law, Special for a Different Reason? (2016) ECLR 335 Lianos I, In Memoriam Keck: The Reformation of the EU Law on the Free Movement of Goods (2015) EL Rev 225 Nowag J, Wouters, When the Condemned Live Longer: A Comment on OTOC and CNG (2014) 36 ECLR 39 ODonoghue R, Defining Legitimate Competition: How to Clarify Pricing Abuses under Article 83 EC (2002) 26 Fordham Intl LJ 83 Posner RA, The Social Costs of Monopoly and Regulation (1975) 83 JPE 807 Ratliff J, Major Events and Policy Issues in EC Competition Law, 2001: Part 1 (2002) ICCLR 6 Stigler G, Perfect Competition, Historically Contemplated (1957) 65(1) J Pol Eco 1 Temple Lang J, Some Aspects of Abuse of a Dominant Position in EC Antitrust Law (1979) 3 Fordham Intl LF 1 Tsoulfidis L, Classical vs Neoclassical Conceptions of Competition (2011) MPRA 1 Vickers J, Concepts of Competition (1995) 47 Oxford Economic Papers 1 Miscellaneous Commission, Notice Guidelines on Vertical Restraints (2010) OJ C130/1 de la Mano M, For the Customers Sake: The Competitive Effects of Efficiencies in European Merger Control (Enterprise Paper No 11, 2002) [1] A Smith, An Enquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (Penguin, 1999). [2] JS Mill, On Liberty (Vail-Ballou Press, 2003). [3] D Chalmers, G Davies G Monti, European Union Law (2nd edn, CUP 2010) p. 962. [4] RA Posner, The Social Costs of Monopoly and Regulation (1975) 83 JPE 807. [5] R Whish D Bailey, Competition Law (8th edn, OUP 2015) p. 2. [6] RH Bork, The Antitrust paradox (The Free Press, 1978). [7] I Lianos, In Memoriam Keck: The Reformation of the EU Law on the Free Movement of Goods (2015) EL Rev 225, 244. [8] Scherer Ross, Industrial Market Structure and Economic Performance (3rd edn, Houghton Mifflin, 1990) Ch. 1. [9] R Whish D Bailey, Competition Law (8th edn, OUP 2015) p. 5. [10] M de la Mano, For the Customers Sake: The Competitive Effects of Efficiencies in European Merger Control (Enterprise Paper No 11, 2002) p. 8. [11] J Vickers, Concepts of Competition (1995) 47 Oxford Economic Papers 1. [12] J Huerta de Soto, The Theory of Dynamic Efficiency (Routledge 2009) p. 1-2. [13] Smith (n 1) p. 706. [14] Galbraith, American Capitalism: The Concept of Countervailing Power (Houghton Mifflin, 1952). [15] Schumpter, Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy (Taylor Francis, 1976). [16] A Jones B Sufrin, EU Competition Law: Text, Cases and Materials (6th edn, OUP 2016) p. 116. [17] [2002] ECR I-1577. [18] J Nowag, Wouters, When the Condemned Live Longer: A Comment on OTOC and CNG (2014) 36 ECLR 39. [19] P Ibanez Colomo, Market Failures, Transaction Costs and Article 101(1) TFEU Case Law (2012) 37(5) ELR 541, 560. [20] Asnef Equifax Servicios de Informacion sobre Solvencia y Credito SL v Asociacion de Usuarios de Servicios Bancarios [2006] ECR I-11125. [21] C Janssen E Kloosterhuis, The Wouters Case Law, Special for a Different Reason? (2016) ECLR 335, 337. [22] [1966] ECR 299. [23] Chalmers (n 3) p. 979. [24] (1977) 433 US 36. [25] I Apostolakis, E-Commerce and Free Rider Considerations Under Article 101 TFEU (2016) ECLR 114, 116. [26] [2009] ECR I-9291. [27] Commission, Notice Guidelines on Vertical Restraints (2010) OJ C130/1. [28] A Kaczorowska, European Union Law (Routledge 2008) p. 86. [29] Matra Hachette v Commission [1994] ECR II-595. [30] R Schulze, An Introduction to European Law (2nd edn, CUP 2015) p. 318. [31] [2000] OJ L187/47. [32] J Ratliff, Major Events and Policy Issues in EC Competition Law, 2001: Part 1 (2002) ICCLR 6. [33] Klaus Hofner Fritz Esler v Macrotron GmbH [1991] ECR I-1979. [34] United Brands Company v Commission [1978] ECR 207, para. 65. [35] A Kaczorowska-Ireland, Competition Law in the CARICOM Single Market and Economy (Routledge 2012) p. 170. [36] PPG Vernante Pennitalia Spa v Commission [1992] ECR II-1403. [37] J Temple Lang, Some Aspects of Abuse of a Dominant Position in EC Antitrust Law (1979) 3 Fordham Intl LF 1, 9. [38] Akzo Chemie BV v Commission [1991] ECR I-3395. [39] P Akman, The Concept of Abuse in EU Competition Law: Law and Economic Approaches (Bloomsbury 2015) p. 188. [40] R ODonoghue, Defining Legitimate Competition: How to Clarify Pricing Abuses under Article 83 EC (2002) 26 Fordham Intl LJ 83. [41] British Airways Plc v Commission [2007] ECR I-2331. [42] Chalmers (n 3) p.1007.

Holden Caulfield and Huckleberry Finn Essay

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and The Catcher in the Rye wonderfully express the thoughts, and feelings that typically run through the average teenagers mind. In each of these stories, the main character is left searching for his true identity. Huck Finn’s journey leads him to question the beliefs others have imposed upon him since his youth. While Holden Caulfield is a very confused and depressed person who desperately seeks acceptance, and companionship. Both characters are experiencing life as independent people, each having their own unique qualities, but in general they are both learning that in order to survive and make the right decisions, they need to mature. Holden Caulfield and Huck Finn share many of the same characteristics. For one thing, they both tend to lie a lot. Holden lied to nearly everyone he met, one example of his deception was when he met the mother of Ernest Morrow on the train to New York. He told her how popular, kind, and modest her son was despite how Holden hated him. Huck also lies a lot, but usually he only deceives people to protect himself and Jim. This occurs when he dressed up as a girl to find out what the rumors of Jim’s whereabouts were. They have many other similar qualities such as not conforming to society. Whether it was by choice or not, Huck and Holden paved their own paths, they tried to figure out what was right and wrong for themselves instead of following what everyone else said. The characters Huck Finn and Holden Caulfield share a special bond. Both boys are the most unlikely of heroes, they lie, deceive, act irresponsibly, yet they get the point across. Also, there is a connection between the companions of each character. Holden’s closest friend is his younger sister Phoebe, while Huck’s adventure is centered around the slave Jim. Slaves of that period were treated at worst as animals, and at best simple children. Jim and Phoebe were on the same level for they were there for support, and could differentiate right from wrong, but they didn’t know enough to fully understand what Huck and Holden were mentally going through. Huck Finn is living the life of an average teenager until he finds himself helping the slave, Jim escape from his master. These actions go against  everything Huck has been taught so far, and is also against the law. Huck is in a tricky predicament where he has to decide whether or not to go through with helping Jim escape or to turn him in. This forces a reflection of his morals and an evaluation of Huck’s conscience. In the end, Huck decides to follow his heart by not turning Jim in. This shows great loyalty, and maturity on Huck’s part to go against the law by doing what he knew was right. Holden Caulfield was deeply, emotionally scarred from the death of his brother Allie, which obviously affects his decision making skills. He falls into a deep depression where he doesn’t seem to care that he failed out of four different schools. Holden lies incessantly yet he says that he hates phonies. He sees all the faults in other people without realizing his own imperfections. By the time he comes to the realization that he isn’t as perfect as he would have thought, it is too late and he is institutionalized. Although he was sent to an institution, just before he understood that he could not prevent children from growing up, and that he himself needed to mature. Holden’s journey didn’t end as idealy as he may have hoped, but at least he finally recognized the need to get over Allie’s death and move on with his life. Huck was able to figure out for himself as Holden did the need for maturity in society. Huck exhibited an excellent example of selflessness in this story, therefore he successfully overcame one of life’s toughest obstacles. Each character had a personal battle they needed to surmount, and both Holden and Huck triumphed. The two characters also have many differences in their actions and lifestyles. Holden is more restricted in his reactions to certain situations. He is not very sure of himself, nor is he brave. Huck on the other hand, is not afraid to take initiative, like when he ran away from home with Jim. Holden was too afraid to leave, he only thought about going away to New Hampshire, or out West.

Disappearances Occur All The Time - 1587 Words

Disappearances occur all the time. Teenagers and young adults run away from home. Children, stray away from their parents and are never seen again. Most are found eventually. Disappearances, after all, have explanations, usually. However, some may never be found as they are trafficked to a different country. Many women and children are trafficked every year. This industry is vast as it generates a 32-billion-dollars (USD) net worth every year (Ferrell 2015). As well it is estimated that over 20 million people are living under the conditions of modern slaves (Ferrell 2015). Although it is illegal in all the 167 countries, modern day slavery is present in all of them. Most, if not all have no strict regulations against human trafficking.†¦show more content†¦Amongst them, Japan; where they had set up a terrifying and egregious system where women, across Asia, were forced into sexual slavery. The women were housed in what were known as comfort stations (Koettl, 2009). These co nditions are similar to what the women who are trafficked today face, this drove many of its victims to the point of despair (Koettl 2009). They have known a life worse than death itself. Living in an impoverished community, where most either die young or die trying to make a better life for themselves. The warzone-like environment creates a tolerance for violence. In favour of surviving this hostile environment, the persons must survive their morality; meaning they’ll have to make both inhumane and humane decisions. Quite often these decisions are based on a potential threat to themselves. However, the extent people are willing to commit acts to increase their chances of survival will reflect their morals. Many of the victims are lured into the human trafficking rings are done so through family members; usually a male relative (father or uncle) or an older sibling. A few of these include kidnapping, the sale of children by parents, false marriages, false economic opportunities or sham job or educational advertisements (Financial Crisis and Human Trafficking). However, most of the victims vulnerable to trafficking are those who are migrating from one country to another. The biggest cause forShow MoreRelatedThe Effect Of Enzyme Concentration On The Rate Of Starch Hydrolysis1713 Words   |  7 Pagesreaction to occur. There are three different types of amylase: ÃŽ ±-amylase, ÃŽ ²-amylase, and ÃŽ ³-amylase. ÃŽ ±-Amylase is commonly found in saliva and pancreas of many animals. In this experiment, we used porcine pancreatic ÃŽ ±-amylase in order to find the effect of different factors on the rate of the digestion of starch. The activity of ÃŽ ±-Amylase can be affected by the concentration of amylase, the pH of the environment surrounding amylase, and the temperature that the reaction using amylase occurs in. 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